print macro msg lea dx,msg mov ah,09h int 21h endm read macro n,j1,j2 mov cx,0ah j1:mov ah,01h int 21h cmp al,0dh je j2 sub al,30h mov bl,al mov ax,n mul cx xor bh,bh add ax,bx mov n,ax jmp j1 j2 :nop endm .model small .stack 100h .data msg1 db 10,13,'Enter the 1st number: $' msg2 db 10,13,'Enter the 2nd number: $' msg3 db 10,13,'The LCM= $' data1 dw 0 data2 dw 0 dat1 dw 0 dat2 dw 0 .code main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax print msg1 ;reading 1st multidigit number read data1,jump1,jump2 print msg2 ;reading 2nd multidigit number read data2,jump3,jump4 ;copy the data1 and data2 to dat1& dat2 mov bx,data1 mov dat1,bx mov cx,data2 mov dat2,cx ;Algorithm for finding lcm ;if(dat1=dat2) then finish, lcm=dat1 or dat2 ;elseif(dat1<dat2) then dat1=dat1+data1 ;else dat2=dat2+data2 ;repeat loop1:mov ax,dat1 cmp ax,dat2 je jump5 jc jump6 mov ax,dat2 add ax,cx mov dat2,ax jmp loop1 jump6:mov ax,dat1 add ax,bx mov dat1,ax jmp loop1 ;printing LCM jump5:mov bx,0ah xor cx,cx ;push into stack p1:xor dx,dx div bx push dx inc cx cmp ax,00h jne p1 print msg3 ;pop from stack display:pop dx add dl,30h mov ah,02h int 21h loop display mov ah,4ch int 21h main endp end
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret