; Encryption Program (Encrypt.asm) INCLUDE Irvine32. KEY = 239 ; any value between 1-255 BUFMAX = 128 ; maximum buffer size .data sPrompt BYTE "Enter the plain text:",0 sEncrypt BYTE "Cipher text: ",0 sDecrypt BYTE "Decrypted: ",0 buffer BYTE BUFMAX+1 DUP(0) bufSize DWORD ? .code main PROC call InputTheString ; input the plain text call TranslateBuffer ; encrypt the buffer mov edx,OFFSET sEncrypt ; display encrypted message call DisplayMessage call TranslateBuffer ; decrypt the buffer mov edx,OFFSET sDecrypt ; display decrypted message call DisplayMessage exit main ENDP ;----------------------------------------------------- InputTheString PROC ; ; Prompts user for a plaintext string. Saves the string ; and its length. ; Receives: nothing ; Returns: nothing ;----------------------------------------------------- pushad ; save 32-bit registers mov edx,OFFSET sPrompt ; display a prompt call WriteString mov ecx,BUFMAX ; maximum character count mov edx,OFFSET buffer ; point to the buffer call ReadString ; input the string mov bufSize,eax ; save the length call Crlf popad ret InputTheString ENDP ;----------------------------------------------------- DisplayMessage PROC ; ; Displays the encrypted or decrypted message. ; Receives: EDX points to the message ; Returns: nothing ;----------------------------------------------------- pushad call WriteString mov edx,OFFSET buffer ; display the buffer call WriteString call Crlf call Crlf popad ret DisplayMessage ENDP ;----------------------------------------------------- TranslateBuffer PROC ; ; Translates the string by exclusive-ORing each ; byte with the encryption key byte. ; Receives: nothing ; Returns: nothing ;----------------------------------------------------- pushad mov ecx,bufSize ; loop counter mov esi,0 ; index 0 in buffer L1: xor buffer[esi],KEY ; translate a byte inc esi ; point to next byte loop L1 popad ret TranslateBuffer ENDP END main
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret