SYSEXIT = 1 SYSCALL = 0x80 EXIT_SUCCESS = 0 .data # rezerwowanie miejsca num1: .long 0x10304008, 0x701100FF, 0x45100020, 0x08570030 num1_len = (.-num1)/4 num2: .long 0xF040500C, 0x00220026, 0x321000CB, 0x04520031 num2_len = (.-num2)/4 .text .global _start _start: # czyszczenie flagi clc pushf movl $num1_len, %edi movl $num2_len, %esi add_program: decl %edi decl %esi popf movl num1(,%esi, 4), %eax movl num2(,%edi, 4), %ebx adcl %eax, %ebx push %rbx pushf clc cmpl $EXIT_SUCCESS, %edi jz add2 cmpl $EXIT_SUCCESS, %esi jz add1 jmp add_program add2: cmpl $EXIT_SUCCESS, %esi je last_carry decl %esi popf movl num1(,%edi,4), %ebx adcl $0, %ebx push %rbx pushf clc jmp add2 add1: cmpl $0, %esi je last_carry decl %esi popf movl num1(,%esi,4), %ebx adcl $0, %ebx push %rbx pushf clc jmp add1 last_carry: popf xor %eax, %eax xor %ebx, %ebx mov $0, %eax mov $0, %ebx adcl %eax, %ebx cmpl $0, %ebx je exit push %rbx exit: movl $SYSEXIT, %eax movl $EXIT_SUCCESS, %ebx int $SYSCALL
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret