include io.asm sstack segment stack db 128 dup(?) sstack ends sdata segment razmer dw 4 mas dw 4 dup(4 dup(4)) s1 dw 0 s2 dw 0 sdata ends scode segment assume cs:scode, ds:sdata, ss:sstack start: mov ax, sdata mov ds, ax mov cx, razmer mov si, 0 ; строки mov bx, 0 ; столбцы loop l1 l1: mov ax, mas[si][bx] add s1, ax inc si inc bx mov ax, razmer dec ax mov si, 0 ; строки mov bx, ax ; столбцы mov cx, razmer loop l2 l2: mov ax, mas[si][bx] add s1, ax inc si dec bx outword s1 newline outword s2 newline mov si, 0 ; строки mov bx, 0 ; столбцы mov cx, razmer mov dx, 0 cmp razmer, dx jg l5 l5: loop l4 l4: mov ax, mas[si][bx] outword ax outch ' ' inc bx newline inc si inc dx mov cx, razmer cmp razmer, dx jg l5 newline finish scode ends end start
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret