section .text global main extern scanf main: mov rax, 1 mov rdi, 1 mov rsi, message mov rdx, 28 syscall push rax push rcx mov rdi, format mov rsi, buff call scanf pop rcx pop rax xor rbx, rbx enc: mov rdx, buff add rdx, rbx mov byte al, [rdx] xor al, 0x27 mov rdx, encbuff add rdx, rbx mov byte [rdx], al inc rbx cmp rbx, 13 jne enc xor rbx, rbx iseq: mov rdx, enctext add rdx, rbx mov byte al, [rdx] mov rdx, encbuff add rdx, rbx mov byte cl, [rdx] cmp al, cl jne end inc rbx cmp rbx, 13 je win jmp iseq win: mov rax, 1 mov rdi, 1 mov rsi, winmessage mov rdx, 8 syscall end: mov rax, 60 xor rdi, rdi syscall section .data message: db `welcome to the ground floor\n`,27 format: db '%13s\n',6 enctext: db 074h, 06ch, 07eh, 0ah, 066h, 074h, 06ah, 065h, 0ah, 013h, 01fh, 015h, 01eh winmessage: db `You win\n`,8 section .bss buff: resb 14 encbuff: resb 14
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret