;Write an X86/64 ALP to accept five 64 bit Hexadecimal numbers from ;user and store them in an array and display the accepted numbers. ;offset displacement of memory location from starting locatoin of segment section .data;store initialize data msg1 db 10,13,"Enter 5 64 bit numbers" ;data base len1 equ $-msg1 ;equation msg2 db 10,13,"Entered 5 64 bit numbers" len2 equ $-msg2 section .bss ;declare uninitialized variable( block lstarting symbol) array resd 200 counter resb 1 ;when counter is 1 loop instruction execute section .text ;all instruction are store in .text (store all type of variable) global _start _start: ;display mov Rax,1 ; register types 64 bit mov Rdi,1 ;register destination index for copy data mov Rsi,msg1 ;register source index for data source mov Rdx,len1 syscall ;accept mov byte[counter],05 mov rbx,00 loop1: mov rax,0 ; 0 for read mov rdi,0 ; 0 for keyboard mov rsi, array ;move pointer to start of array add rsi,rbx mov rdx,17 syscall add rbx,17 ;to move counter dec byte[counter] JNZ loop1 ;display mov Rax,1 mov Rdi,1 mov Rsi,msg2 mov Rdx,len2 syscall ;display mov byte[counter],05 mov rbx,00 loop2: mov rax,1 ;1 for write mov rdi, 1 ;1 for monitor mov rsi, array add rsi,rbx mov rdx,17 ;16 bit +1 for enter syscall add rbx,17 dec byte[counter] JNZ loop2 ;exit system call mov rax ,60 mov rdi,0 syscall
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret