.MODEL SMALL .STACK 100H .DATA number_promptdb"Please input a number (1,2,or 3): ",0 OneMsgdb"It is ONE!",0 TwoMsgdb"It is TWO!",0 ThreeMsg db"It is THREE!",0 NoneMsgdb"You entered a number out of range.", 0 query_msg db"Do you want to quit (Y/N): ",0 .486 .CODE INCLUDE io.mac .STARTUP read_Number: PutStr number_prompt ; request a number input getint AX ; read number in AX nwln case_1: CMP AX, 1 JNE case_2 putStr OneMsg Nwln JMP try_again case_2: CMP AX, 2 JNE case_3 PutStr TwoMsg Nwln JMP try_again case_3: CMP AX, 3 JNE none_case PutStr ThreeMsg Nwln JMP try_again none_case: PutStr NoneMsg Nwln try_again: Putstr query_msg ; query user whether to terminate GetCh AL ; read response using read char macro nwln cmp AL,'Y' cmp AL, 'y' ; if response is not 'Y' or 'y' jne read_Number ; start over done: ; otherwise, terminate program .EXIT END
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret