section .data prompt db "Enter the first number: " prompt_len equ $ - prompt prompt2 db "Enter the second number: " prompt2_len equ $ - prompt2 section .bss num1 resb 4 num2 resb 4 section .text global _start _start: ; Display prompt and read the first number mov eax, 4 mov ebx, 1 mov ecx, prompt mov edx, prompt_len int 0x80 mov eax, 3 mov ebx, 0 mov ecx, num1 mov edx, 4 int 0x80 ; Display prompt and read the second number mov eax, 4 mov ebx, 1 mov ecx, prompt2 mov edx, prompt2_len int 0x80 mov eax, 3 mov ebx, 0 mov ecx, num2 mov edx, 4 int 0x80 ; Perform Boolean operations ;AND Operation mov eax, [num1] and eax, [num2] mov ebx, eax mov eax, 1 mov ecx, ebx mov edx, 4 int 0x80 ;OR Operation mov eax, [num1] or eax, [num2] mov ebx, eax mov eax, 1 mov ecx, ebx mov edx, 4 int 0x80 ;XOR Operation mov eax, [num1] xor eax, [num2] mov ebx, eax mov eax, 1 mov ecx, ebx mov edx, 4 int 0x80 ;NOT Operation mov eax, [num1] not eax mov ebx, eax mov eax, 1 mov ecx, ebx mov edx, 4 int 0x80 exit: mov eax, 1 xor ebx, ebx int 0x80
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret