section .data msg db 10,"Enter the String: " msg_len equ $-msg pmsg db 10,"Length of String: " pmsg_len equ $-pmsg section .bss string resb 50 string_l equ $-string char_ans resb 2 count resb 1 %macro Print 2 mov rax,1 mov rdi,1 mov rsi,%1 mov rdx,%2 syscall %endmacro %macro Read 2 mov rax,0 mov rdi,0 mov rsi,%1 mov rdx,%2 syscall %endmacro %macro Exit 0 mov rax,60 mov rdi,0 syscall %endmacro section .text global _start _start: Print msg,msg_len Read string,string_l mov [count],rax Print pmsg,pmsg_len mov rax,[count] call disp16_pro Exit ;-------------------------------------------------------- disp16_pro: mov rbx,11 mov rsi,char_ans+1 mov rcx,2 cnt: mov rdx,0 div rbx cmp dl,09 jbe add30 add dl,09h add30: add dl,30h mov [rsi],dl dec rsi dec rcx jnz cnt Print char_ans,2 Ret ;---------------------------------------------------------
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret