.model small
.stack 100h

.data
    hours db ?
    minutes db ?
    seconds db ?

.code
    ; Main program entry point
    main proc
        mov ax, @data
        mov ds, ax

        ; Prompt the user to enter the starting time
        mov ah, 09h
        mov dx, offset start_prompt
        int 21h

        ; Read the starting time from the user
        mov ah, 01h
        int 21h
        sub al, 48       ; Convert ASCII value to decimal
        mov hours, al

        ; Initialize the minutes and seconds
        mov minutes, 0
        mov seconds, 6   ; Set initial seconds to the user input

        ; Display the clock
        display_clock:
        mov ah, 02h
        mov dl, '0'      ; Print leading zero for hours
        int 21h
        mov dl, hours
        add dl, 48       ; Convert decimal value to ASCII
        int 21h

        mov dl, ':'
        int 21h

        mov dl, '0'      ; Print leading zero for minutes
        int 21h
        mov dl, minutes
        add dl, 48       ; Convert decimal value to ASCII
        int 21h

        mov dl, ':'
        int 21h

        mov dl, '0'      ; Print leading zero for seconds
        int 21h
        mov dl, seconds
        add dl, 48       ; Convert decimal value to ASCII
        int 21h

        ; Increment the seconds
        increment_seconds:
        inc seconds

        ; Check if the seconds reach 60
        cmp seconds, 60
        jl update_clock

        ; Reset seconds to 0
        mov seconds, 0

        ; Increment the minutes
        increment_minutes:
        inc minutes

        ; Check if the minutes reach 60
        cmp minutes, 60
        jl update_clock

        ; Reset minutes to 0
        mov minutes, 0

        ; Increment the hours
        increment_hours:
        inc hours

        ; Check if the hours reach 12
        cmp hours, 12
        jl update_clock

        ; Reset hours to 0
        mov hours, 0

        ; Reset the clock to 00:00:00 after 11:59:59
        reset_clock:
        cmp hours, 0
        jne display_clock

        cmp minutes, 0
        jne display_clock

        cmp seconds, 0
        jne display_clock

        ; Return to DOS
        mov ah, 4Ch
        mov al, 0
        int 21h

    main endp

    start_prompt db 0Ah, "Enter the starting time (0-9): $"

end main
 

Assembly Online Compiler

Write, Run & Share Assembly code online using OneCompiler's Assembly online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for Assembly language. Getting started with the OneCompiler's Assembly compiler is simple and pretty fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as Assembly and start coding.

About Assembly

Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.

Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.

Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.

Syntax help

Assembly language usually consists of three sections,

  1. Data section

    To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.

  2. bss section

    To declare variables

  3. text section

    _start specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.

Variables

There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.

1. To allocate storage space to Initialized data

Syntax

variable-name    define-directive    initial-value 
Define DirectiveDescriptionAllocated Space
DBDefine Byte1 byte
DWDefine Word2 bytes
DDDefine Doubleword4 bytes
DQDefine Quadword8 bytes
DTDefine Ten Bytes10 bytes

2. To allocate storage space to un-initialized data

Define DirectiveDescription
RESBReserve a Byte
RESWReserve a Word
RESDReserve a Doubleword
RESQReserve a Quadword
RESTReserve a Ten Bytes

Constants

Constants can be defined using

1. equ

  • To define numeric constants
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value

2. %assign

  • To define numeric constants.
%assign constant_name value

3. %define

  • To define numeric or string constants.
%define constant_name value

Loops

Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.

mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1

where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.

Procedures

Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

procedure_name:
   ;procedure body
   ret