.386
.model flat, stdcall
option casemap :none
include \masm32\include\windows.inc
include \masm32\include\user32.inc
include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
include \masm32\include\fpu.inc
include \masm32\include\masm32.inc
includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\fpu.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\masm32.lib
.data
a_values dq 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 0.5, 2.0
b_values dq 1.2, 1.8, 2.5, 0.7, 3.0
c_values dq 1.8, 2.5, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0
d_values dq 2.4, 1.3, 5.0, 0.9, 2.5
result dq 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
output_format db "Result %d: %lf", 0
output_title db "Calculation Result", 0
.code
main:
finit ; Initialize the FPU
mov ecx, 5 ; Number of sets of input values
; Loop to calculate the expression for each set of input values
calc_loop:
; Load input values onto the FPU stack
fld qword ptr [a_values + ecx*8 - 8]
fld qword ptr [b_values + ecx*8 - 8]
fld qword ptr [c_values + ecx*8 - 8]
fld qword ptr [d_values + ecx*8 - 8]
; Perform the required calculations
fld1 ; Load 1.0 for division
fdiv ; Divide d by 4
fldln2 ; Load log(2) for logarithm base
fyl2x ; Compute log(d/4) and replace d/4
fsub ; Subtract 2*c from log(d/4)
fadd ; Add a*2 to the result
fsub ; Subtract b from the result
; Check if the denominator is zero
ftst
fstsw ax
sahf
jz denominator_zero ; Jump if the denominator is zero
fdiv ; Calculate the final result
; Store the result in the result array
fstp qword ptr [result + ecx*8 - 8]
; Convert the result to a string
push ecx ; Save the loop counter
push eax ; Save the result format (decimal)
invoke FloatToStr, [result + ecx*8 - 8], addr output_format
pop eax ; Restore the result format
pop ecx ; Restore the loop counter
; Display the result in a MessageBox
invoke MessageBox, 0, addr output_format, addr output_title, MB_ICONINFORMATION + MB_OK
; Loop control
loop calc_loop
; Exit
invoke ExitProcess, 0
denominator_zero:
; Handle the case when the denominator is zero
invoke MessageBox, 0, addr denominator_zero_msg, addr error_title, MB_ICONERROR + MB_OK
invoke ExitProcess, 1
denominator_zero_msg db "Error: Denominator is zero", 0
error_title db "Error", 0
end main
Write, Run & Share Assembly code online using OneCompiler's Assembly online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for Assembly language. Getting started with the OneCompiler's Assembly compiler is simple and pretty fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as Assembly and start coding.
Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
| Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
|---|---|---|
| DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
| DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
| DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
| DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
| DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
| Define Directive | Description |
|---|---|
| RESB | Reserve a Byte |
| RESW | Reserve a Word |
| RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
| RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
| REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret