include irvine32.inc .data line byte " This is a Simple Calculator in Assembly ",0,13h,10h line1 byte " Chosee Operation: '+' '-' '/' '*' ",0,13h,10h line11 byte " Addition: '+' ",0,13h,10h line12 byte " Subtraction: '-' ",0,13h,10h line13 byte " Multiplication: '*' ",0,13h,10h line14 byte " Division: '/' ",0,13h,10h line15 byte " Repete: 'R' ",0,13h,10h line16 byte " Exit: 'E' ",0,13h,10h line2 byte " Addition: ",0,13h,10h line3 byte " Subtraction: ",0,13h,10h line4 byte " Multiplication: ",0,13h,10h line5 byte " Division: ",0,13h,10h msg byte " Enter First Integer: ",0,13h,10h msg1 byte " Enter second Integer: ",0,13h,10h put byte " Result is Equal to = ",0 put1 byte " First No is: ",0 put2 byte " Second No is: ",0 num1 word ? num2 word ? button byte ? .code main PROC call clrscr mov edx,offset line call writestring call crlf start: call crlf mov edx,offset line1 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line11 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line12 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line13 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line14 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line15 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset line16 call writestring call crlf call crlf mov edx,offset button call readchar mov button,al cmp button,'+' JE addition cmp button,'-' JE subtraction cmp button,'*' JE multiplication cmp button,'/' JE division cmp button,'r' JE start JNE stop addition: mov edx,offset line2 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset msg ;Read first no call writestring call readint mov num1,ax mov edx,offset msg1 ;read 2nd no call writestring call readint mov num2,ax mov edx,offset put1 ;display both no call writestring mov ax,num1 call writeint call crlf mov edx,offset put2 call writestring mov ax,num2 call writeint call crlf call crlf mov edx,offset put call writestring mov ax,num1 add ax,num2 call writeint call crlf Jmp start subtraction: mov edx,offset line3 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset msg ;Read first no call writestring call readint mov num1,ax mov edx,offset msg1 ;read 2nd no call writestring call readint mov num2,ax mov edx,offset put1 ;display both no call writestring mov ax,num1 call writeint call crlf mov edx,offset put2 call writestring mov ax,num2 call writeint call crlf call crlf mov edx,offset put call writestring mov ax,num2 sub ax,num1 call writeint call crlf JMP start multiplication: mov edx,offset line4 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset msg ;Read first no call writestring call readint mov num1,ax mov edx,offset msg1 ;read 2nd no call writestring call readint mov num2,ax mov edx,offset put1 ;display both no call writestring mov ax,num1 call writeint call crlf mov edx,offset put2 call writestring mov ax,num2 call writeint call crlf call crlf mov edx,offset put call writestring mov ax,num1 mov bx,num2 mul bx call writeint call crlf JMP start division: mov edx,offset line5 call writestring call crlf mov edx,offset msg ;Read first no call writestring call readint mov num1,ax mov edx,offset msg1 ;read 2nd no call writestring call readint mov num2,ax mov edx,offset put1 ;display both no call writestring mov ax,num1 call writeint call crlf mov edx,offset put2 call writestring mov ax,num2 call writeint call crlf call crlf mov edx,offset put call writestring mov ax,num1 mov bx,num2 mov dx,0 div bx call writeint call crlf JMP start stop: exit main endp end main
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret