ORG 0x0000 ; Start of program memory start: MOVLW 0x50 ; Load initial value (50H) into W register MOVWF 0x80 ; Store initial value in counter at address 0x80 MOVLW 0x10 ; Load initial address (0x10) into W register MOVWF FSR ; Move W register to File Select Register to point to data memory address 0x10 MOVLW 16 ; Load count value (16 bytes) MOVWF 0x81 ; Store count value in register 0x81 load_loop: MOVF 0x80, W ; Load value of counter into W register MOVWF INDF ; Store W register value into the memory location pointed by FSR INCF FSR, F ; Increment FSR to point to the next memory location INCF 0x80, F ; Increment counter DECFSZ 0x81, F ; Decrement count value and skip next instruction if zero GOTO load_loop ; If count is not zero, continue loop ; Breakpoint here to show memory after loading values END ; End of program
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret