 ;Disciplina: Arquitetura de Computadores - PUCGO 2024
;Aluno(s): Denilson Oliveira da Silva
;Curso: Ciência da Computação
;Trabalho: Fazer uma calculadora que soma, subtrai, multiplica e divide. O usuário vai informar dois números e a operação que deseja realizar (usando os caracteres +,-,*,/). Ao término da operação, deverá ser opcional ao usuário realizar uma nova operação ou sair do programa.


global main

section .data ;Declaração de Constantes
    fmt db "%lf", 0
    fmtChar db "%*c%c", 0

    msg1 db "Insira o Primeiro Número: ", 0
    msg2 db "Insira o Segundo Número: ", 0
    msg3 db "Insira o Operador: ", 0

    msgEnd db "Código Encerrado! Operador Vazio.", 10, 0

    msgResult db "Resultado: %.4lf", 10, 10, 0

    msgOperador db "Insira um Operador Válido!", 10, 10, 0

    msgMenu db "*** Calculadora Básica - Linguagem de Montagem (NASM) ***", 10, 0
    msgMenu2 db " -> Operações:", 10, "     * :Multiplicação", 10, "     + :Soma", 10, "     - :Subtração", 10, "     / :Divisão", 10, 10, 0

section .bss ; Declaração de Variáveis
    num resq 1
    num2 resq 1
    op resb 4

section .text ; Secção de Texto

main: ; Função Principal

menu_msg:
    mov rdi, msgMenu
    call print_string

menu_op:
    mov rdi, msgMenu2
    call print_string

ler_op1:
    mov rdi, msg1
    call print_string
    call read_double
    movsd xmmword [num], xmm0

ler_operador:
    mov rdi, msg3
    call print_string
    call read_char
    mov byte [op], al

    mov ebx, 10        ; Verifica se o operador é Enter
    cmp byte [op], bl
    je fim

ler_op2:
    mov rdi, msg2
    call print_string
    call read_double
    movsd xmmword [num2], xmm0

def_operador:      ;Função para definir o operador
    movq xmm0, qword [num]
    
    mov bl, '+'
    cmp byte [op], bl
    je adicao

    mov bl, '-'
    cmp byte [op], bl
    je subtracao

    mov bl, '*'
    cmp byte [op], bl
    je multiplicacao

    mov bl, '/'
    cmp byte [op], bl
    je divisao

    jmp novo_operador ;Caso o operador digitado nao exista
    
subtracao:      ;Funcao de Subtracao
    subsd xmm0, [num2]
    jmp exibir

adicao:         ;Funcao de Adicao
    addsd xmm0, [num2]
    jmp exibir

multiplicacao:  ;Funcao de Multiplicacao
    mulsd xmm0, [num2]
    jmp exibir

divisao:        ;Funcao de Divisao
    divsd xmm0, [num2]
    jmp exibir

novo_operador: ;Mensagem para inserir um novo operador e jump para operador
    mov rdi, msgOperador
    call print_string

    jmp ler_operador ; Volta para o operador

exibir:         ;Funcao para exibir resultado  
    movq [num], xmm0  
    mov rdi, msgResult
    call print_string
    jmp ler_operador

fim:            ;Funcao para encerrar o código
    mov rdi, msgEnd
    call print_string
    ret

print_string:
    ; Função para imprimir strings
    mov rax, 0x1
    mov rsi, rdi
    mov rdx, 0
    ; Calcula o tamanho da string
    xor rcx, rcx
    while_char:
        cmp byte [rsi + rcx], 0
        je end_while
        inc rcx
        jmp while_char
    end_while:
    ; Atualiza o tamanho
    mov rdx, rcx
    ; Chama a syscall write
    mov rax, 0x1
    mov rdi, 0x1
    syscall
    ret

read_double:
    ; Função para ler um double
    mov rax, 0x0
    mov rdi, 0x0
    mov rsi, rsp
    mov rdx, 0x20
    syscall
    movq xmm0, [rsp]
    add rsp, 0x20
    ret

read_char:
    ; Função para ler um caractere
    mov rax, 0x0
    mov rdi, 0x0
    mov rsi, rsp
    mov rdx, 0x1
    syscall
    mov al, byte [rsp]
    add rsp, 0x1
    ret

created 1 year ago

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About Assembly

Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.

Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.

Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.

Syntax help

Assembly language usually consists of three sections,

Data section

To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section

To declare variables
text section

_start specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.

Variables

There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.

1. To allocate storage space to Initialized data

Syntax

variable-name    define-directive    initial-value

Define Directive	Description	Allocated Space
DB	Define Byte	1 byte
DW	Define Word	2 bytes
DD	Define Doubleword	4 bytes
DQ	Define Quadword	8 bytes
DT	Define Ten Bytes	10 bytes

2. To allocate storage space to un-initialized data

Define Directive	Description
RESB	Reserve a Byte
RESW	Reserve a Word
RESD	Reserve a Doubleword
RESQ	Reserve a Quadword
REST	Reserve a Ten Bytes

Constants

Constants can be defined using

1. equ

To define numeric constants

CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value

2. %assign

To define numeric constants.

%assign constant_name value

3. %define

To define numeric or string constants.

%define constant_name value

Loops

Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.

mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1

where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.

Procedures

Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

procedure_name:
   ;procedure body
   ret