%macro display 2 mov eax,4 mov ebx,1 mov ecx, %1 mov edx, %2 int 80h %endmacro %macro accept 2 mov eax,3 mov ebx,0 mov ecx, %1 mov edx, %2 int 80h %endmacro section .data txt db "Enter the number1: " txtlen equ $-txt txt1 db "Enter the number2: " txtlen1 equ $-txt1 txt3 db "result in bin is: " txtlen3 equ $-txt3 newline db 0ah newlinelen equ $-newline section .bss num1 resb 2 num2 resb 2 result resb 2 bin resb 8 section .txt global _start _start: ;accept num1 display txt,txtlen accept num1,2 ;accept num2 display txt1,txtlen1 accept num2,2 ;unpacking num1 and num2 in bl and al respectively mov bl,byte[num1] mov al,byte[num2] cmp al,39h jle hexvalue sub al,7h hexvalue: sub al,30h cmp bl,39h jle hexvalue2 sub bl,7h hexvalue2: sub bl,30h xor al,bl ;al has number in decimal ;add al,30h ;mov byte[result],al ;display result,2 mov bx,0 mov bx,2 mov cx,0 ;counter to count no of element in stack up: mov dx,0 div bx push dx ;push remainder in stack inc cx cmp ax,0 ;continue till you get Q as 0 jnz up mov esi,bin mov dx,0 up1: pop dx ;pop in dx add dl,30h mov byte[esi],dl ;store in bin string inc esi dec cx ;continue till all elements are poped jnz up1 ;display result in binary display newline,newlinelen display txt3,txtlen3 display bin,4 exit: mov eax,1 mov ebx,0 int 80h
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Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.
Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.
Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.
Assembly language usually consists of three sections,
Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start
specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.
There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.
variable-name define-directive initial-value
Define Directive | Description | Allocated Space |
---|---|---|
DB | Define Byte | 1 byte |
DW | Define Word | 2 bytes |
DD | Define Doubleword | 4 bytes |
DQ | Define Quadword | 8 bytes |
DT | Define Ten Bytes | 10 bytes |
Define Directive | Description |
---|---|
RESB | Reserve a Byte |
RESW | Reserve a Word |
RESD | Reserve a Doubleword |
RESQ | Reserve a Quadword |
REST | Reserve a Ten Bytes |
Constants can be defined using
CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value
%assign constant_name value
%define constant_name value
Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.
mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1
where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.
Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
procedure_name:
;procedure body
ret