HelloWorld.asm

 .386
.model flat, stdcall
.stack 4096
 WriteConsoleA PROTO, hConsoleOutput: DWORD, lpBuffer: PTR BYTE, nNumberOfCharsToWrite: DWORD
 ExitProcess PROTO, dwExitCode: DWORD
.data
	array DWORD 37, 23, 0, 17, 12, 72, 31
	text BYTE "Sorted array:%d "
	buffer BYTE 16 DUP(0)

.code
binary_insertion_sort PROC  ; eax = key, esi = i, edi = j, ebx = temp
	mov esi, 1
	mov ecx, LENGTHOF array

outer_loop:
	cmp esi, ecx
	jge end_sort
	mov eax, [array + esi * 4]
	mov edi, esi
	dec edi

inner_loop:
	cmp edi, -1
	jl insert_key
	mov ebx, [array + edi * 4]
	cmp ebx, eax
	jle insert_key
	mov [array + edi * 4 + 4], ebx
	dec edi
	jmp inner_loop

insert_key:
	mov [array + edi * 4 + 4], eax
	inc esi
	jmp outer_loop

end_sort:
	ret
binary_insertion_sort ENDP

number_to_ascii PROC
	mov ecx, 10
	mov edi, esi
	add edi, 15

convert_loop:
	xor edx, edx
	div ecx
	add dl, '0'
	dec edi
	mov [edi], dl
	test eax, eax
	jnz convert_loop
	mov esi, edi
	ret
number_to_ascii ENDP

display_array PROC
	mov ebx, -11
    INVOKE WriteConsoleA, ebx, OFFSET text, LENGTHOF text
    mov esi, 0
    mov ecx, LENGTHOF array

write_loop:
	cmp esi, ecx
	jge end_display
	mov eax, [array + esi * 4]
	mov edi, OFFSET buffer
	call number_to_ascii
	mov eax, OFFSET buffer
	add eax, 15
	sub eax, edi
	INVOKE WriteConsoleA, ebx, OFFSET buffer, eax
	mov edx, OFFSET buffer
	mov BYTE PTR [edx], ' '
	INVOKE WriteConsoleA, ebx, OFFSET buffer, 1
	inc esi
	jmp write_loop

end_display:
	mov edx, OFFSET buffer
	mov BYTE PTR [edx], 13
	mov BYTE PTR [edx + 1], 10
	INVOKE WriteConsoleA, ebx, OFFSET buffer, 2
	ret
display_array ENDP

main PROC
	call binary_insertion_sort
	call display_array
	INVOKE ExitProcess, 0
end_main:
	ret
main ENDP
end main

created 12 hours ago

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About Assembly

Assembly language(asm) is a low-level programming language, where the language instructions will be more similar to machine code instructions.

Every assembler may have it's own assembly language designed for a specific computers or an operating system.

Assembly language requires less execution time and memory. It is more helful for direct hardware manipulation, real-time critical applications. It is used in device drivers, low-level embedded systems etc.

Syntax help

Assembly language usually consists of three sections,

Data section
To initialize variables and constants, buffer size these values doesn't change at runtime.
bss section
To declare variables
text section
_start specifies the starting of this section where the actually code is written.

Variables

There are various define directives to allocate space for variables for both initialized and uninitialized data.

1. To allocate storage space to Initialized data

Syntax

variable-name    define-directive    initial-value

Define Directive	Description	Allocated Space
DB	Define Byte	1 byte
DW	Define Word	2 bytes
DD	Define Doubleword	4 bytes
DQ	Define Quadword	8 bytes
DT	Define Ten Bytes	10 bytes

2. To allocate storage space to un-initialized data

Define Directive	Description
RESB	Reserve a Byte
RESW	Reserve a Word
RESD	Reserve a Doubleword
RESQ	Reserve a Quadword
REST	Reserve a Ten Bytes

Constants

Constants can be defined using

1. equ

To define numeric constants

CONSTANT_NAME EQU regular-exp or value

2. %assign

To define numeric constants.

%assign constant_name value

3. %define

To define numeric or string constants.

%define constant_name value

Loops

Loops are used to iterate a set of statements for a specific number of times.

mov ECX,n
L1:
;<loop body>
loop L1

where n specifies the no of times loops should iterate.

Procedures

Procedure is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually procedures are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

procedure_name:
   ;procedure body
   ret