/*Stack Implementation through Array */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include <iostream>
struct ArrayStack
{
int top;
int capacity;
int *array; //name of the pointer
};
struct ArrayStack* createStack(int cap) //create a stack
{
struct ArrayStack *stack;//create a "ArrayStack"(int) type pointer name "stack"
int *stact = (int*)malloc(cap * sizeof(int));
// stack = malloc(sizeof(struct ArrayStack));//in stack (pointer) will store address of "ArrayStack", andassign memory it will allocate size in memory for "ArrayStack" or we can calculate and assign size of ArrayStack. we have 3 int type variables top, capacity and *array that is 3 * 2(int ) = 6, we also can write "malloc(6(struct ArrayStack));"
stack->capacity=cap;//(int) cap will assign capacity of for the array and assign to the int capacity and stack will point the int capacity we will assign 4 as capacity.
stack->top=-1; //assign -1 to the int top of the stack because stack is empty and will start from 0 so -1 is smaller than 0.
stack->array = (int*) malloc(stack->capacity * sizeof(int));
// stack->array = malloc(sizeof(int) * stack->capacity);// we also want a memory for the array that will create that is we assign array size 4 and 4 * 2 (int take 2 bytes per block) = 8.
return (stack);
}
int isFull(struct ArrayStack *stack)//it will check that array is full or not by giving size of "ArrayStack" that is "stack"
{
if (stack->top == stack->capacity-1)//if capacity is 4 and top (value) == capacity-1 (value) so return 1.
return(1);
else
return(0);
}
int isEmpty(struct ArrayStack *stack)
{
if (stack->top == -1)// we assigned "-1" in top and if top == -1 so its not full means its empty.
return(1);
else
return(0);
}
void push (struct ArrayStack *stack, int item)//we want to push (insert) value by using "item" variable to the stack.
{
if (!isFull (stack))//if stack is not full
{
stack->top++; // then increment top
stack->array[stack->top]=item;
}
}
int pop (struct ArrayStack *stack)
{
int item;
if (!isEmpty (stack))//if stack is not empty and delete top value
{
item = stack->array[stack->top]; // before deleting top value that value assign to the "item" variable.
stack->top--;
return (item);
}
return(-1);// else it will return -1 that is stack is empty.
}
int main()
{
int choice,item;
struct ArrayStack *stack;
stack=createStack(4);
while(1)
{
printf("\n 1. Push ");
printf("\n 2. Pop ");
printf("\n 3. Exit ");
printf("\n 4. Enter Your Choice : ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEnter A Number : ");
scanf("%d",&item);
push(stack,item);
break;
case 2:
item=pop(stack);
if(item == -1)
printf("\n Stack is Empty ");
else
printf("\n Poped Value %d" ,item);
break;
case 3:
exit(0);
}
}
}
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C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
// code
} else {
// code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.
switch(conditional-expression) {
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
...
default:
// code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
// code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while(condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.
data-type array-name[size];
data-type array-name[size][size];
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
Two types of functions are present in C
Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,
User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
//code
}