// Extract the 3 parts of a float using bit operations only

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

//#include "floats.h"
typedef struct float_components {
    uint32_t sign;
    uint32_t exponent;
    uint32_t fraction;
} float_components_t;


// separate out the 3 components of a float
float_components_t float_bits(uint32_t f) {
    // PUT YOUR CODE HERE
    struct float_components return_vals;
    
    return_vals.sign = f >> 31;
    
    int high_bit = 23;
    int low_bit = 0;
    uint32_t mask;
    
    int mask_size = high_bit - low_bit + 1;
    mask = 1;
    mask = mask << mask_size;
    mask = mask - 1;
    mask = mask << low_bit;
    
    uint32_t extracted_bits = f & mask;

    return_vals.fraction = extracted_bits;
    
    high_bit = 30;
    low_bit = 23;
    
    mask_size = high_bit - low_bit + 1;
    mask = 1;
    mask = mask << mask_size;
    mask = mask - 1;
    mask = mask << low_bit;
    
    extracted_bits = f & mask;
    
    extracted_bits = extracted_bits >> 23;
    
    return_vals.exponent = extracted_bits;
    
    return return_vals;
}

// given the 3 components of a float
// return 1 if it is NaN, 0 otherwise
int is_nan(int f) {
    // PUT YOUR CODE HERE

    return 42;
}

// given the 3 components of a float
// return 1 if it is inf, 0 otherwise
int is_positive_infinity(int f) {
    // PUT YOUR CODE HERE

    return 42;
}

// given the 3 components of a float
// return 1 if it is -inf, 0 otherwise
int is_negative_infinity(int f) {
    // PUT YOUR CODE HERE

    return 42;
}

// given the 3 components of a float
// return 1 if it is 0 or -0, 0 otherwise
int is_zero(int f) {
    // PUT YOUR CODE HERE

    return 42;
}

int main(void) {
    uint32_t a = 3257401344;
    struct float_components get_vals = float_bits(a);
    printf("sign=0x%x\n", get_vals.sign);
    printf("exponent=0x%x\n", get_vals.exponent);
    printf("fraction=0x%x\n", get_vals.fraction);
    return 0;
}

C Language online compiler

Write, Run & Share C Language code online using OneCompiler's C online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for C language, running the latest C version which is C18. Getting started with the OneCompiler's C editor is really simple and pretty fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as 'C' and start coding!

Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C online editor supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample C program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    char name[50];
    printf("Enter name:");
    scanf("%s", name);
    printf("Hello %s \n" , name );
    return 0;
    
}

About C

C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.

Key features:

  • Structured Programming
  • Popular system programming language
  • UNIX, MySQL and Oracle are completely written in C.
  • Supports variety of platforms
  • Efficient and also handle low-level activities.
  • As fast as assembly language and hence used as system development language.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   // code
} else {
   // code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.

switch(conditional-expression) {    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
...    
    
default:     
 // code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  // code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while(condition) {  
 // code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {
  // code 
} while (condition);

Arrays

Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.

Syntax

One dimentional Array:

data-type array-name[size];

Two dimensional array:

data-type array-name[size][size];

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

Two types of functions are present in C

  1. Library Functions:

Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,

  1. User defined functions:

User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.

How to declare a Function

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
  //code
}