var Snake = (function () {
const INITIAL_TAIL = 4;
var fixedTail = true;
var intervalID;
var tileCount = 10;
var gridSize = 400/tileCount;
const INITIAL_PLAYER = { x: Math.floor(tileCount / 2), y: Math.floor(tileCount / 2) };
var velocity = { x:0, y:0 };
var player = { x: INITIAL_PLAYER.x, y: INITIAL_PLAYER.y };
var walls = false;
var fruit = { x:1, y:1 };
var trail = [];
var tail = INITIAL_TAIL;
var reward = 0;
var points = 0;
var pointsMax = 0;
var ActionEnum = { 'none':0, 'up':1, 'down':2, 'left':3, 'right':4 };
Object.freeze(ActionEnum);
var lastAction = ActionEnum.none;
function setup () {
canv = document.getElementById('gc');
ctx = canv.getContext('2d');
game.reset();
}
var game = {
reset: function () {
ctx.fillStyle = 'grey';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canv.width, canv.height);
tail = INITIAL_TAIL;
points = 0;
velocity.x = 0;
velocity.y = 0;
player.x = INITIAL_PLAYER.x;
player.y = INITIAL_PLAYER.y;
// this.RandomFruit();
reward = -1;
lastAction = ActionEnum.none;
trail = [];
trail.push({ x: player.x, y: player.y });
// for(var i=0; i<tail; i++) trail.push({ x: player.x, y: player.y });
},
action: {
up: function () {
if (lastAction != ActionEnum.down){
velocity.x = 0;
velocity.y = -1;
}
},
down: function () {
if (lastAction != ActionEnum.up){
velocity.x = 0;
velocity.y = 1;
}
},
left: function () {
if (lastAction != ActionEnum.right){
velocity.x = -1;
velocity.y = 0;
}
},
right: function () {
if (lastAction != ActionEnum.left){
velocity.x = 1;
velocity.y = 0;
}
}
},
RandomFruit: function () {
if(walls){
fruit.x = 1+Math.floor(Math.random() * (tileCount-2));
fruit.y = 1+Math.floor(Math.random() * (tileCount-2));
}
else {
fruit.x = Math.floor(Math.random() * tileCount);
fruit.y = Math.floor(Math.random() * tileCount);
}
},
log: function () {
console.log('====================');
console.log('x:' + player.x + ', y:' + player.y);
console.log('tail:' + tail + ', trail.length:' + trail.length);
},
loop: function () {
reward = -0.1;
function DontHitWall () {
if(player.x < 0) player.x = tileCount-1;
if(player.x >= tileCount) player.x = 0;
if(player.y < 0) player.y = tileCount-1;
if(player.y >= tileCount) player.y = 0;
}
function HitWall () {
if(player.x < 1) game.reset();
if(player.x > tileCount-2) game.reset();
if(player.y < 1) game.reset();
if(player.y > tileCount-2) game.reset();
ctx.fillStyle = 'grey';
ctx.fillRect(0,0,gridSize-1,canv.height);
ctx.fillRect(0,0,canv.width,gridSize-1);
ctx.fillRect(canv.width-gridSize+1,0,gridSize,canv.height);
ctx.fillRect(0, canv.height-gridSize+1,canv.width,gridSize);
}
var stopped = velocity.x == 0 && velocity.y == 0;
player.x += velocity.x;
player.y += velocity.y;
if (velocity.x == 0 && velocity.y == -1) lastAction = ActionEnum.up;
if (velocity.x == 0 && velocity.y == 1) lastAction = ActionEnum.down;
if (velocity.x == -1 && velocity.y == 0) lastAction = ActionEnum.left;
if (velocity.x == 1 && velocity.y == 0) lastAction = ActionEnum.right;
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(40,40,40,0.8)';
ctx.fillRect(0,0,canv.width,canv.height);
if(walls) HitWall();
else DontHitWall();
// game.log();
if (!stopped){
trail.push({x:player.x, y:player.y});
while(trail.length > tail) trail.shift();
}
if(!stopped) {
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(200,200,200,0.2)';
ctx.font = "small-caps 14px Helvetica";
ctx.fillText("(esc) reset", 24, 356);
ctx.fillText("(space) pause", 24, 374);
}
ctx.fillStyle = 'green';
for(var i=0; i<trail.length-1; i++) {
ctx.fillRect(trail[i].x * gridSize+1, trail[i].y * gridSize+1, gridSize-2, gridSize-2);
// console.debug(i + ' => player:' + player.x, player.y + ', trail:' + trail[i].x, trail[i].y);
if (!stopped && trail[i].x == player.x && trail[i].y == player.y){
game.reset();
}
ctx.fillStyle = 'lime';
}
ctx.fillRect(trail[trail.length-1].x * gridSize+1, trail[trail.length-1].y * gridSize+1, gridSize-2, gridSize-2);
if (player.x == fruit.x && player.y == fruit.y) {
if(!fixedTail) tail++;
points++;
if(points > pointsMax) pointsMax = points;
reward = 1;
game.RandomFruit();
// make sure new fruit didn't spawn in snake tail
while((function () {
for(var i=0; i<trail.length; i++) {
if (trail[i].x == fruit.x && trail[i].y == fruit.y) {
game.RandomFruit();
return true;
}
}
return false;
})());
}
ctx.fillStyle = 'red';
ctx.fillRect(fruit.x * gridSize+1, fruit.y * gridSize+1, gridSize-2, gridSize-2);
if(stopped) {
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(250,250,250,0.8)';
ctx.font = "small-caps bold 14px Helvetica";
ctx.fillText("press ARROW KEYS to START...", 24, 374);
}
ctx.fillStyle = 'white';
ctx.font = "bold small-caps 16px Helvetica";
ctx.fillText("points: " + points, 288, 40);
ctx.fillText("top: " + pointsMax, 292, 60);
return reward;
}
}
function keyPush (evt) {
switch(evt.keyCode) {
case 37: //left
game.action.left();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
case 38: //up
game.action.up();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
case 39: //right
game.action.right();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
case 40: //down
game.action.down();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
case 32: //space
Snake.pause();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
case 27: //esc
game.reset();
evt.preventDefault();
break;
}
}
return {
start: function (fps = 15) {
window.onload = setup;
intervalID = setInterval(game.loop, 1000 / fps);
},
loop: game.loop,
reset: game.reset,
stop: function () {
clearInterval(intervalID);
},
setup: {
keyboard: function (state) {
if (state) {
document.addEventListener('keydown', keyPush);
} else {
document.removeEventListener('keydown', keyPush);
}
},
wall: function (state) {
walls = state;
},
tileCount: function (size) {
tileCount = size;
gridSize = 400 / tileCount;
},
fixedTail: function (state) {
fixedTail = state;
}
},
action: function (act) {
switch(act) {
case 'left':
game.action.left();
break;
case 'up':
game.action.up();
break;
case 'right':
game.action.right();
break;
case 'down':
game.action.down();
break;
}
},
pause: function () {
velocity.x = 0;
velocity.y = 0;
},
clearTopScore: function () {
pointsMax = 0;
},
data: {
player: player,
fruit: fruit,
trail: function () {
return trail;
}
},
info: {
tileCount: tileCount
}
};
})();
Snake.start(8);
Snake.setup.keyboard(true);
Snake.setup.fixedTail(false);
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C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
// code
} else {
// code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.
switch(conditional-expression) {
case value1:
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...
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For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
// code
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While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while(condition) {
// code
}
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do {
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Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.
data-type array-name[size];
data-type array-name[size][size];
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
Two types of functions are present in C
Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,
User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
//code
}