#include <stdio.h>

#define N 5 // Change N to the size of your maze

// Maze dimensions
#define ROWS N
#define COLS N

// Maze represented as a 2D array
int maze[ROWS][COLS] = {
    {1, 0, 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 1, 0, 1},
    {0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
    {1, 1, 1, 1, 1},
    {1, 1, 0, 0, 1}
};

// Structure to represent a cell in the maze
struct Cell {
    int x;
    int y;
};

// Function to print the maze
void printMaze() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
            printf("%d ", maze[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

// Function to check if a cell is valid to move into
int isValidMove(int x, int y) {
    return (x >= 0 && x < ROWS && y >= 0 && y < COLS && maze[x][y] == 1);
}

// Function to solve the maze using a stack
int solveMazeStack() {
    // Create a stack to store cells
    struct Cell stack[ROWS * COLS];
    int top = -1; // Stack top

    // Push the starting cell onto the stack
    stack[++top] = (struct Cell){0, 0};

    while (top != -1) {
        // Pop the current cell from the stack
        struct Cell current = stack[top--];
        int x = current.x;
        int y = current.y;

        // Check if we reached the destination
        if (x == ROWS - 1 && y == COLS - 1) {
            return 1; // Destination reached
        }

        // Mark the current cell as part of the solution path
        maze[x][y] = 2;

        // Explore adjacent cells (down and right)
        if (isValidMove(x + 1, y)) {
            stack[++top] = (struct Cell){x + 1, y}; // Move down
        }

        if (isValidMove(x, y + 1)) {
            stack[++top] = (struct Cell){x, y + 1}; // Move right
        }
    }

    return 0; // No solution found
}

int main() {
    printf("Original Maze:\n");
    printMaze();

    if (solveMazeStack()) {
        printf("\nSolution Path:\n");
        printMaze();
    } else {
        printf("\nNo solution found.\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

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Read inputs from stdin

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#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    char name[50];
    printf("Enter name:");
    scanf("%s", name);
    printf("Hello %s \n" , name );
    return 0;
    
}

About C

C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.

Key features:

  • Structured Programming
  • Popular system programming language
  • UNIX, MySQL and Oracle are completely written in C.
  • Supports variety of platforms
  • Efficient and also handle low-level activities.
  • As fast as assembly language and hence used as system development language.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   // code
} else {
   // code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.

switch(conditional-expression) {    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
...    
    
default:     
 // code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  // code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while(condition) {  
 // code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {
  // code 
} while (condition);

Arrays

Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.

Syntax

One dimentional Array:

data-type array-name[size];

Two dimensional array:

data-type array-name[size][size];

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

Two types of functions are present in C

  1. Library Functions:

Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,

  1. User defined functions:

User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.

How to declare a Function

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
  //code
}