#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "front.h"
#include "parser.h"

void error();
//#include "parser.h"

/* Global Variable */
int nextToken;
char *tokenNames;

/* Local Variables */
static int charClass;
static char lexeme[100];
static char nextChar;
static int lexLen;
static FILE *in_fp;

/* Local Function declarations */
static void addChar();
static void getChar();
static void getNonBlank();


//static void error();

//extern int nextToken;
//static int lex();


/* main driver */
//int argc, char *argv[]
int main() {
  printf("DCooke Analyzer :: R11760605 \n \n");
  /* Open the input data file and process its contents */
  if ((in_fp = fopen("front.in","r")) == NULL) {
    printf("ERROR - cannot open front.in \n");
  } else {
    getChar();
    do {
      lex();
      program();
      //

      // expr();
    } while (nextToken != EOF);
  }

  return 0;
}

/*****************************************************/
/* lookup - a function to lookup operators and parentheses and return the
 * token */
static int lookup(char ch) {
  switch (ch) {
  case '(':
    addChar();
    nextToken = LEFT_PAREN;
    tokenNames = "LEFT_PAREN";
    break;
  case ')':
    addChar();
    nextToken = RIGHT_PAREN;
    tokenNames = "RIGHT_PAREN";
    break;
case '=':
    addChar();
    nextToken = EQUAL_OP;
    tokenNames = "EQUAL_OP";
    break;
case '<':
    addChar();
    getChar();
    if (nextChar == '=') {
      addChar();
      nextToken = LEQUAL_OP;
      tokenNames = "LEQUAL_OP";
    }
    else if(nextChar == '>'){
      addChar();
      nextToken = NEQUAL_OP;
      tokenNames = "NEQUAL_OP";

    } else {
      ungetc(nextChar, in_fp);
      nextToken = LESSER_OP;
      tokenNames = "LESSER_OP";
    }
    break;
  case '>':
    addChar();
    getChar();
    if (nextChar == '=') {
      addChar();
      nextToken = GEQUAL_OP;
      tokenNames = "GEQUAL_OP";
    } else {
      ungetc(nextChar, in_fp);
      nextToken = GREATER_OP;
      tokenNames = "GREATER_OP";
    }
    break;
  case ';':
    addChar();
    nextToken = SEMICOLON;
    tokenNames = "SEMICOLON";
     break;
  case ':':
    addChar();
    getChar();
    if (nextChar == '='){
    addChar();
    nextToken = ASSIGN_OP;
    tokenNames = "ASSIGN_OP";
  }else{
      ungetc(nextChar, in_fp);
      nextToken = COLON;
      tokenNames = "COLON";
    }
    break;
  case '+':
    addChar();
    getChar();
    if (nextChar == '+') {
      addChar();
      nextToken = INC_OP;
      tokenNames = "INC_OP";
    } else {
      ungetc(nextChar, in_fp);
      nextToken = ADD_OP;
      tokenNames = "ADD_OP";
    }
    break;

  case '-':
    addChar();
    getChar();
    if (nextChar == '-') {
      addChar();
      nextToken = DEC_OP;
      tokenNames = "DEC_OP";
    } else {
      ungetc(nextChar, in_fp);
      nextToken = SUB_OP;
      tokenNames = "SUB_OP";
    }
    break;

  case '*':
    addChar();
    nextToken = MULT_OP;
    tokenNames = "MULT_OP";
    break;
  case '%':
    addChar();
    nextToken = MOD_OP;
    tokenNames = "MOD_OP";
    break;
  case '/':
    addChar();
    nextToken = DIV_OP;
    tokenNames = "DIV_OP";
    break;
  case EOF:
  nextToken = EOF;
  return nextToken;
  break;
  default:
    addChar();
    nextToken = UNKNOWN;
    tokenNames = "UNKNOWN";
    break;
  }
  return nextToken;

}


/*****************************************************/
/* addChar - a function to add nextChar to lexeme */
static void addChar() {
  if (lexLen <= 98) {
    lexeme[lexLen++] = nextChar;
    lexeme[lexLen] = 0;
  } else {
    printf("Error - lexeme is too long \n");
  }
}

/*****************************************************/
/* getChar - a function to get the next character of input and determine its
 * character class */
static void getChar() {
  if ((nextChar = getc(in_fp)) != EOF) {
    if (isalpha(nextChar))
      charClass = LETTER;
    else if (isdigit(nextChar))
      charClass = DIGIT;
    else 
      charClass = UNKNOWN;
  } else {
    charClass = EOF;
  }
}

/*****************************************************/
/* getNonBlank - a function to call getChar until it returns a non-whitespace
 * character */
static void getNonBlank() {
  while (isspace(nextChar))
    getChar();
}

/*****************************************************/
/* lex - a simple lexical analyzer for arithmetic expressions */
int lex() {
  lexLen = 0;
  getNonBlank();
  char READ[] = "read";
  char IF[] = "if"; 
  char FI[] = "fi";
  char ELSE[] = "else";
  char THEN[] = "then";
  //char WHILE[] = "while";
  //char DO[] = "do";
  char WRITE[] = "write";

  switch (charClass) {
  /* Parse identifiers */
  case LETTER:
    addChar();
    getChar();
    while (charClass == LETTER || charClass == DIGIT) {
      addChar();
      getChar();
    }
    if (strcmp(lexeme, READ) == 0) {
      nextToken = KEY_READ;
      tokenNames = "KEY_READ";
      break;
    } else if (strcmp(lexeme, IF) == 0) {
      nextToken = KEY_IF;
      tokenNames = "KEY_IF";
      break;
    } else if (strcmp(lexeme, FI) == 0) {
      nextToken = KEY_FI;
      tokenNames = "KEY_FI";
      break;
    } else if(strcmp(lexeme, ELSE) == 0){
      nextToken = KEY_ELSE;
      tokenNames = "KEY_ELSE";
      break;
    }else if(strcmp(lexeme, THEN) == 0){
      nextToken = KEY_THEN;
      tokenNames = "KEY_THEN";
      break;
    }else if (strcmp(lexeme, WRITE) == 0) {
      nextToken = KEY_WRITE;
      tokenNames = "KEY_WRITE";
      break;
    } else {
      nextToken = IDENT;
      tokenNames = "IDENT";
      break;
    }

  /* Parse integer literals */
  case DIGIT:
    addChar();
    getChar();
    while (charClass == DIGIT) {
      addChar();
      getChar();
    }
    nextToken = INT_LIT;
    tokenNames = "INT_LIT";
    break;

  /* Parentheses and operators */
  case UNKNOWN:
    lookup(nextChar);
    getChar();
    break;

  /* EOF */
  case EOF:
    exit(0);
    lexeme[0] = 'E';
    lexeme[1] = 'O';
    lexeme[2] = 'F';
    lexeme[3] = 0;
    break;
  } /* End of switch */

  if (nextToken != EOF) {
    printf("%s\t%s\n", lexeme, tokenNames);
  }
  return nextToken;
} /* End of function lex */


void expr() {
  term();
  while (nextToken == ADD_OP || nextToken == SUB_OP) {
    lex();
    term();
  }
}

void term() {
  factor();
  while (nextToken == MULT_OP || nextToken == DIV_OP || nextToken == MOD_OP) {
    lex();
    factor();
  }
}

void factor() {
  if (nextToken == IDENT || nextToken == INT_LIT) {
    lex();
  }else if(nextToken == INC_OP || nextToken == ADD_OP || nextToken == SUB_OP || nextToken == DEC_OP){
    lex();
  } else {
    if (nextToken == LEFT_PAREN) {
      lex();
      expr();
      if (nextToken == RIGHT_PAREN) {
        lex();
      } else {
        error();
      }
    } else {
      error();
    }
  }
}

void statements(){
  if (nextToken == IDENT){
    lex();
    if(nextToken == ASSIGN_OP){
      lex();
      expr();
    }else{
      error();
    }
  } 
  
  else if(nextToken == KEY_READ){
    lex();
    if(nextToken == LEFT_PAREN){
      lex();
      if(nextToken == IDENT){
        lex();
      }else {
        error();
      }
      if(nextToken == RIGHT_PAREN){
        lex();
      } else{
        error();
      }
    }else{
      error();
    }
  } 
  
  else if(nextToken == KEY_WRITE){
    lex();
    if(nextToken == LEFT_PAREN){
      lex();
      expr();
      if(nextToken == RIGHT_PAREN){
        lex();
      }else{
        error();
      }
    } else{
      error();
    }
  } 

  else if(nextToken == KEY_IF){
    lex();
    cond();
    if(nextToken == COLON){
      lex();
      if(nextToken == KEY_THEN){
        lex();
        statements();
        u();
        if(nextToken == NULL){
            lex();
            statements();
        } else{
          error();
        }
        }else if(nextToken == KEY_FI){
          lex();
        } else{
        error();
        }
      } else{
        error();
      }
    
    }

  else{
    if(nextToken == SEMICOLON){
    lex();
    if(nextToken != EOF){
      statements();
    }
  }  else{
    error();
  }
  }  
  
}

void cond(){
  expr();
  if(nextToken == LEFT_PAREN){
    cond();
    if(nextToken == RIGHT_PAREN){
      lex();
    } else{
      error();
    }

  } else if(nextToken == GREATER_OP || nextToken ==  LEQUAL_OP || nextToken == GEQUAL_OP || nextToken == LEQUAL_OP || nextToken == NEQUAL_OP){
    lex();
    expr();
  } else{
    error();
  }
}

void program(){
    statements();
}

void u(){
    if(nextToken == KEY_ELSE){
        statements();
    } else{
        nextToken = NULL;
    }
}

void error() {
//lex();
  fprintf(stderr, "Error: Invalid character: nextToken: %s lexeme : %s\n", tokenNames,lexeme);
  exit(1);
} 

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About C

C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.

Key features:

  • Structured Programming
  • Popular system programming language
  • UNIX, MySQL and Oracle are completely written in C.
  • Supports variety of platforms
  • Efficient and also handle low-level activities.
  • As fast as assembly language and hence used as system development language.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   // code
} else {
   // code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.

switch(conditional-expression) {    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
...    
    
default:     
 // code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  // code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while(condition) {  
 // code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {
  // code 
} while (condition); 

Arrays

Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.

Syntax

One dimentional Array:

data-type array-name[size];

Two dimensional array:

data-type array-name[size][size];

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.

Two types of functions are present in C

  1. Library Functions:

Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,

  1. User defined functions:

User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.

How to declare a Function

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
  //code
}