#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 100
// Structure to represent two stacks
typedef struct {
int arr[MAX_SIZE];
int top1; // Top index of the first stack
int top2; // Top index of the second stack
} TwoStacks;
// Function to initialize the two stacks
void initialize(TwoStacks *ts) {
ts->top1 = -1;
ts->top2 = MAX_SIZE;
}
// Function to push an element to the first stack
void push1(TwoStacks *ts, int value) {
if (ts->top1 < ts->top2 - 1) {
ts->arr[++ts->top1] = value;
} else {
printf("Stack Overflow in stack1 by element: %d\n", value);
}
}
// Function to push an element to the second stack
void push2(TwoStacks *ts, int value) {
if (ts->top1 < ts->top2 - 1) {
ts->arr[--ts->top2] = value;
} else {
printf("Stack Overflow in stack2 by element: %d\n", value);
}
}
// Function to pop an element from the first stack
int pop1(TwoStacks *ts) {
if (ts->top1 >= 0) {
return ts->arr[ts->top1--];
} else {
printf("Stack UnderFlow in stack1\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
// Function to pop an element from the second stack
int pop2(TwoStacks *ts) {
if (ts->top2 < MAX_SIZE) {
return ts->arr[ts->top2++];
} else {
printf("Stack UnderFlow in stack2\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
// Function to check if both stacks are full
int isStackFull(TwoStacks *ts) {
return ts->top1 >= ts->top2 - 1;
}
// Function to check if the first stack is empty
int isStack1Empty(TwoStacks *ts) {
return ts->top1 == -1;
}
// Function to check if the second stack is empty
int isStack2Empty(TwoStacks *ts) {
return ts->top2 == MAX_SIZE;
}
// Function to display the first stack
void displayStack1(TwoStacks *ts) {
if (isStack1Empty(ts)) {
printf("Stack 1 is empty\n");
} else {
printf("Stack 1: ");
for (int i = 0; i <= ts->top1; i++) {
printf("%d ", ts->arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
// Function to display the second stack
void displayStack2(TwoStacks *ts) {
if (isStack2Empty(ts)) {
printf("Stack 2 is empty\n");
} else {
printf("Stack 2: ");
for (int i = MAX_SIZE - 1; i >= ts->top2; i--) {
printf("%d ", ts->arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
int main() {
TwoStacks ts;
initialize(&ts);
int choice, stackNumber, value;
while (1) {
printf("\n1. Push\n2. Pop\n3. Check if Stacks are Full\n4. Check if Stack is Empty\n5. Display Stack\n6. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter stack number (1 or 2): ");
scanf("%d", &stackNumber);
printf("Enter value to push: ");
scanf("%d", &value);
if (stackNumber == 1) {
push1(&ts, value);
} else if (stackNumber == 2) {
push2(&ts, value);
} else {
printf("Invalid stack number\n");
}
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter stack number (1 or 2): ");
scanf("%d", &stackNumber);
if (stackNumber == 1) {
printf("Popped element from stack1: %d\n", pop1(&ts));
} else if (stackNumber == 2) {
printf("Popped element from stack2: %d\n", pop2(&ts));
} else {
printf("Invalid stack number\n");
}
break;
case 3:
if (isStackFull(&ts)) {
printf("Both stacks are full\n");
} else {
printf("Stacks are not full\n");
}
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter stack number (1 or 2): ");
scanf("%d", &stackNumber);
if (stackNumber == 1) {
if (isStack1Empty(&ts)) {
printf("Stack 1 is empty\n");
} else {
printf("Stack 1 is not empty\n");
}
} else if (stackNumber == 2) {
if (isStack2Empty(&ts)) {
printf("Stack 2 is empty\n");
} else {
printf("Stack 2 is not empty\n");
}
} else {
printf("Invalid stack number\n");
}
break;
case 5:
printf("Enter stack number (1 or 2): ");
scanf("%d", &stackNumber);
if (stackNumber == 1) {
displayStack1(&ts);
} else if (stackNumber == 2) {
displayStack2(&ts);
} else {
printf("Invalid stack number\n");
}
break;
case 6:
exit(0);
default:
printf("Invalid choice, please try again\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
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C language is one of the most popular general-purpose programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell laboratories for UNIX operating system. The initial release of C Language was in the year 1972. Most of the desktop operating systems are written in C Language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition if-else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
// code
} else {
// code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and if-else-if ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to if-else-if ladder.
switch(conditional-expression) {
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
...
default:
// code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
// code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while(condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.
data-type array-name[size];
data-type array-name[size][size];
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity.
Two types of functions are present in C
Library functions are the in-built functions which are declared in header files like printf(),scanf(),puts(),gets() etc.,
User defined functions are the ones which are written by the programmer based on the requirement.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
//code
}