//============================================================================
// Name        : ChadaTech.cpp
// Author      : William Dickson
// Version     : 1.01b
// Copyright   : 11/15/2020
// Description : Chada Tech Clocks in C++, Ansi-style
//============================================================================

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// declaring the class _24HourTime
class _24HourTime;

// defining of enum to track AM and PM in 12 hour clock
enum AMPM {
	AM, PM
}ampm;

// Abstract class Time
class Time
{
	public:
		int hour;
		int minute;
		int second;
		virtual void addOneHour() = 0;
		virtual void addOneMinute() = 0;
		virtual void addOneSecond() = 0;
}

// Class _12HourTime inherits the Time class
class _12HourTime : public Time
{
	// methods
	public: _12HourTime(int h, intm, int s)
	{
		hour = h;
		minute = m;
		seconds = s;
		ampm = AM;
	}

	void addOneHour()
	{
		if(hour == 11){
			hour = 0;
			ampm = ampm == AM ? PM : AM;
		}
		else {
			hour +=1;
		}
	}

	void addOneMinute()
	{
		if(minute == 59){
			minute = 0;
			addOneHour();
		}
		else {
			minute += 1;
		}
	}

	void addOneSecond()
	{
		if(second == 59){
			second = 0;
			addOneMinute();
		}
		else {
			second += 1;
		}
	}

	// declaring friend
	friend void displayTime(const _12HourTime&, const _24HourTime&);
}

// _24HourTime class which inherits the Time class
class _24HourTime : public Time
{
	//methods
	public: _24HourTime(int h, int m, int s)
	{
		hour = h;
		minute = m;
		second = s;
	}

	void addOneHour()
	{
		if(hour == 23)
		{
			hour = 0;
		}
		else {
			hour += 1;
		}
	}

	void addOneMinute()
	{
		if (minute == 59){
			minute = 0;
			addOneHour();
		}
		else {
			minute += 1;
		}
	}

	void addOneSecond()
	{
		if (second == 59){
			second = 0;
			addOneMinute();
		}
		else {
			second +=1;
		}
	}

	// declaring friend
	friend void displayTime(const _12HourTime&, const _24HourTime&);
}

//we make this function friend so that it can access private members of the class
void displayTime(const _12HourTime& time12, cost _24HourTime& time24)
{
	cout << "*************************** ***************************" << endl;
	cout << "* 12-Hour Clock * * 24-Hour Clock *" << endl;
	cout << "*"; 
	if (time12.hour <10) 
		cout << "0"; 
		cout << time12.hour << ":";
	if(time12.minute < 10)
		cout << "0";
		cout << time12.minute << ":";
	if(time12.second < 10)
		cout << "0";
		cout << time12.second;
	if(ampm == AM) 
		cout << " A M"; 
	else
	{
		cout << " P M";
		cout << " * * ";
	}
	if(time24.hour < 10)
		cout << "0"; 
		cout << time24.hour << ":";
	if(time24.minute < 10)
		cout << "0";
		cout << time24.minute << ":";
	if(time24.second < 10)
		cout << "0";
		cout << time24.second;
	cout << " *\n";
	cout << "*************************** ***************************" << endl;
}

int main() {
	_12HourTime time_12_Clock(11, 59, 59);
	_12HourTime time_24_Clock(23, 59, 59);
	displayTime(time_12_Clock, time_24_Clock);
	while(true)
	{
		cout << "***************************\n";
		cout << "* 1 - Add One Hour *\n";
		cout << "* 2 - Add One Minute *\n";
		cout << "* 3 - Add One Second *\n";
		cout << "* 4 - Exit Program *\n";
		cout << "***************************\n";
		int choice;
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:
			time_12_Clock.addOneHour();
			time_24_Clock.addOneHour();
			displayTime(time_12_Clock , time_24_Clock);
			break;
		case 2:
			time_12_Clock.addOneMinute();
			time_24_Clock.addOneMinute();
			displayTime(time_12_Clock , time_24_Clock);
			break;
		case 3:
			time_12_Clock.addOneSecond();
			time_24_Clock.addOneSecond();
			displayTime(time_12_Clock , time_24_Clock);
			break;
		case 4:
			cout << "Thank You!";
			exit(1);
			break;
		default:
			cout << "Error! Invalid choice!\n";
			break;
		}
	}
}

 
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About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
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Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}