#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>             //opening headerfile conio for clrscr();
#include<stdlib.h>            //opening headerfile stdlib for 
using namespace std;
random(int);
char tic[3][3];               //global matrix declerations
int d,e,f,a,t,i,j,x,y;        //global variables declerations
void display();               //displays the matrix
void user();                  //function for user's move
void newdisp();               //function for display of matrix after 
every
move
void pc();                    //function for pc's move
int check();                  //function for finding out the winner
int horcheck();               //function for horizontal line check
int vercheck();               //function for vertical line check
int diagcheck();  
int main()                        //main function
{
clrscr();                     //clears the previous output screen
randomize();                  //initialize random function calling
int d=random(2);              //random function call
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
	for(j=0;j<3;j++)
	tic[i][j]=' ';        //assigning space ' ' to all elements of matrix
display();                    //display function call
d==0?user():pc();             //random starting of the game depending 
on d
getch();                      //provides output by getting input 
without
returning to program
return 0;                     //return int to main function
}
void display()                //display function definition
{
for(t=0;t<3;t++)
	{
	cout<<"		"<<tic[t][0]<<" | "<<tic[t][1]<<" | "<<tic[t][2]<<endl;
//figure formation
	if(t!=2)
	cout<<"		--|---|--"<<endl;
	}
}
void user()                  //user function definition
{
cout<<"		

ENTER THE CO-ORDINATES WHERE YOU WANT TO PUT UR 'X' i.e
0,1,2
";
cin>>x>>y;
if((x<0)||(x>2)&&(y<0)||(y>2))  //check for valid co-ordinates
	{
	cout<<"		

ENTER THE CORRECT CO-ORDINATES";
	user();    //user function call
	}
else
	{
	if(tic[x][y]==' ')    //check for vacant space at entered co-ordinates
		{
		tic[x][y]='X';  //assigning user 'X' to the co-ordinates
		newdisp();    //newdisp function call
		}
	else
		{
		cout<<"		

THIS POSITION IS ALREADY FILLED. CHOOSE SOME OTHER
CO-ORDINATES";
		user();       //user function call
		}
	}
d=check();            //check function call
if(d==0)
pc();                 //pc function call
else
	{
	cout<<"		

YOU ARE THE WINNER";
	getche();     //requires enter to return to program. prevents return
without display
	exit(1);      //program termination
	}
}
void newdisp()        //newdisp function definition
{
for(t=0;t<3;t++)
	{
	cout<<"		"<<tic[t][0]<<" | "<<tic[t][1]<<" | "<<tic[t][2]<<endl;
//displays new tictactoe after user or pc turn
	if(t!=2)
	cout<<"		--|---|--"<<endl;
	}
}
void pc()          //pc function call
{
int f,z;
randomize();       //initialize random function calling
cout<<"		

THIS IS THE COMPUTER'S MOVE 

";
for(i=0;i<=20;i++)
	{
	f=random(3);
	z=random(3);
	if(tic[f][z]==' ')      //check for vacant space at entered 
co-ordinates
		{
		tic[f][z]='O';  //assigning pc 'O' to the co-ordinates
		goto x;         //exiting for loop to display new tictactoe
		}
	else
	continue;               //
	}
x:newdisp();                    //newdisp function call
d=check();                      //check function call
if(d==0)
user();                         //user function call
else
	{
	cout<<"		

I'M THE WINNER";
	getche();           //requires enter to return to program. prevents
return without display
	exit(1);            //program termination
	}
}
check()                     //check function definition
{
horcheck();                 //horcheck function call
vercheck();                 //vercheck function call
diagcheck();                //diagcheck function call
return (d||e||f);
}
horcheck()                  //horcheck function definition
{
if(((tic[0][0]==tic[0][1])&&(tic[0][1]==tic[0][2])&&(tic[0][1]!='
'))||((tic[1][0]==tic[1][1])&&(tic[1][1]==tic[1][2])&&(tic[1][1]!='
'))||((tic[2][0]==tic[2][1])&&(tic[2][1]==tic[2][2])&&(tic[2][2]!=' 
')))
d=1;                        //checks each element of a horizontal line 
to
be same
else                        //returns 1 if all 3 elements of any
horizontal line are same
d=0;                        //else returns 0
return d;
}
vercheck()                  //vercheck function definition
{
if(((tic[0][0]==tic[1][0])&&(tic[1][0]==tic[2][0])&&(tic[0][0]!='
'))||((tic[0][1]==tic[1][1])&&(tic[1][1]==tic[2][1])&&(tic[0][1]!='
'))||((tic[0][2]==tic[1][2])&&(tic[1][2]==tic[2][2])&&(tic[0][2]!=' 
')))
e=1;                        //checks each element of a vertical line to 
be
same
else                        //returns 1 if all 3 elements of any 
vertical
line are same
e=0;                        //else returns 0
return e;
}
diagcheck()                 //diagcheck function definition
{
if(((tic[0][0]==tic[1][1])&&(tic[1][1]==tic[2][2])&&(tic[0][0]!='
'))||((tic[0][2]==tic[1][1])&&(tic[1][1]==tic[2][0])&&(tic[1][1]!=' 
')))
f=1;                        //checks each element of a diagonal line to 
be
same
else                        //returns 1 if all 3 elements of any 
diagonal
line are same
f=0;                        //else returns 0
return f;
}
 
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    cout << "Enter name:";
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    cout << "Hello " << name;
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About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}