#include <iostream> #include <conio.h> #include <windows.h> #include <dos.h> #include <time.h> #define MAXSNAKESIZE 100 using namespace std; HANDLE console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); COORD CursorPosition; void gotoxy(int x, int y){ CursorPosition.X = x; CursorPosition.Y = y; SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, CursorPosition); } class Point{ private: int x; int y; public: Point(){ x = y = 10; } Point(int x, int y){ this -> x = x; this -> y = y; } void SetPoint(int x, int y){ this -> x = x; this -> y = y; } int GetX(){ return x; } int GetY(){ return y; } void MoveUp(){ y--; } void MoveDown(){ y++; } void MoveLeft(){ x--; } void MoveRight(){ x++; } void Draw(){ gotoxy(x,y); cout<<"*"; } void Erase(){ gotoxy(x,y); cout<<" "; } void CopyPos(Point * p){ p->x = x; p->y = y; } void Debug(){ cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<") "; } }; class Snake{ private: Point * cell[MAXSNAKESIZE]; // array of points to represent snake int size; // current size of snake char dir; // current direction of snake Point fruit; public: Snake(){ size = 1; // default size cell[0] = new Point(20,20); // 20,20 is default position for( int i=1; i<MAXSNAKESIZE; i++){ cell[i] = NULL; } fruit.SetPoint(rand()%50, rand()%25); } void AddCell(int x, int y){ cell[size++] = new Point(x,y); } void TurnUp(){ dir = 'w'; // w is control key for turning upward } void TurnDown(){ dir = 's'; // w is control key for turning downward } void TurnLeft(){ dir = 'a'; // w is control key for turning left } void TurnRight(){ dir = 'd'; // w is control key for turning right } void Move(){ // Clear screen system("cls"); // making snake body follow its head for(int i=size-1; i>0; i--){ cell[i-1]->CopyPos(cell[i]); } // turning snake's head switch(dir){ case 'w': cell[0]->MoveUp(); break; case 's': cell[0]->MoveDown(); break; case 'a': cell[0]->MoveLeft(); break; case 'd': cell[0]->MoveRight(); break; } // Collision with fruit if( fruit.GetX() == cell[0]->GetX() && fruit.GetY() == cell[0]->GetY()){ AddCell(0,0); fruit.SetPoint(rand()%50, rand()%25); } //drawing snake for(int i=0; i<size; i++) cell[i]->Draw(); fruit.Draw(); //Debug(); Sleep(100); } void Debug(){ for( int i=0; i<size; i++){ cell[i]->Debug(); } } }; int main(){ //random no generation srand( (unsigned)time(NULL)); // Testing snake Snake snake; char op = 'l'; do{ if(kbhit()){ op = getch(); } switch(op){ case 'w': case 'W': snake.TurnUp(); break; case 's': case 'S': snake.TurnDown(); break; case 'a': case 'A': snake.TurnLeft(); break; case 'd': case 'D': snake.TurnRight(); break; } snake.Move(); }while(op != 'e'); return 0; } // THE END
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string name;
cout << "Enter name:";
getline (cin, name);
cout << "Hello " << name;
return 0;
}
C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
//code
}
else {
//code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.
switch(conditional-expression){
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
......
default:
code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
//code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while (condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
// code
}