#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <time.h>

#define MAXSNAKESIZE 100

using namespace std;

HANDLE console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
COORD CursorPosition;

void gotoxy(int x, int y){
	CursorPosition.X = x;
	CursorPosition.Y = y;
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, CursorPosition);
}

class Point{
	private:
		int x;
		int y;
	public:
		Point(){
			x = y = 10;
		} 
		Point(int x, int y){
			this -> x = x;
			this -> y = y;
		}
		void SetPoint(int x, int y){
			this -> x = x;
			this -> y = y;
		}
		int GetX(){
			return x;
		}
		int GetY(){
			return y;
		}
		void MoveUp(){
			y--;
		}
		void MoveDown(){
			y++;
		}
		void MoveLeft(){
			x--;
		}
		void MoveRight(){
			x++;
		}
		void Draw(){
			gotoxy(x,y);
			cout<<"*";
		}
		void Erase(){
			gotoxy(x,y);
			cout<<" ";
		}
		void CopyPos(Point * p){
			p->x = x;
			p->y = y;
		}
		void Debug(){
			cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<") ";
		}
};

class Snake{
	private:
		Point * cell[MAXSNAKESIZE]; // array of points to represent snake
		int size; // current size of snake
		char dir; // current direction of snake
		Point fruit; 
	public:
		Snake(){
			size = 1; // default size
			cell[0] = new Point(20,20); // 20,20 is default position
			for( int i=1; i<MAXSNAKESIZE; i++){
				cell[i] = NULL;
			}
			fruit.SetPoint(rand()%50, rand()%25); 
		}
		void AddCell(int x, int y){
			cell[size++] = new Point(x,y);
		}
		void TurnUp(){
			dir = 'w'; // w is control key for turning upward
		}
		void TurnDown(){
			dir = 's'; // w is control key for turning downward
		}
		void TurnLeft(){
			dir = 'a'; // w is control key for turning left
		}
		void TurnRight(){
			dir = 'd'; // w is control key for turning right
		}
		void Move(){
			// Clear screen
			system("cls");
			
			// making snake body follow its head
			for(int i=size-1; i>0; i--){
				cell[i-1]->CopyPos(cell[i]);
			}
			
			// turning snake's head
			switch(dir){
				case 'w':
					cell[0]->MoveUp();
					break;
				case 's':
					cell[0]->MoveDown();
					break;
				case 'a':
					cell[0]->MoveLeft();
					break;
				case 'd':
					cell[0]->MoveRight();
					break;
			}
			
			// Collision with fruit
			if( fruit.GetX() == cell[0]->GetX() && fruit.GetY() == cell[0]->GetY()){
				AddCell(0,0);
				fruit.SetPoint(rand()%50, rand()%25); 	
			}
			
			//drawing snake
			for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
				cell[i]->Draw();
			fruit.Draw();
			
			//Debug();
			
			Sleep(100);
		}
		void Debug(){
			for( int i=0; i<size; i++){
				cell[i]->Debug();
			}
		}
};

int main(){
	//random no generation
	srand( (unsigned)time(NULL));
	
	// Testing snake 
	Snake snake;
	char op = 'l';
	do{
		if(kbhit()){
			op = getch();
		}
		switch(op){
			case 'w':
			case 'W':
				snake.TurnUp();
				break;
			
			case 's':
			case 'S':
				snake.TurnDown();
				break;
			
			case 'a':
			case 'A':
				snake.TurnLeft();
				break;
			
			case 'd':
			case 'D':
				snake.TurnRight();
				break;
		}
		snake.Move();
	}while(op != 'e');
	
	return 0;
}

// THE END 
by

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}