 #include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <complex>
#define rep(x, s, t) for(llint (x) = (s); (x) <= (t); (x)++)
#define per(x, s, t) for(llint (x) = (s); (x) >= (t); (x)--)
#define reps(x, s) for(llint (x) = 0; (x) < (llint)(s).size(); (x)++)
#define chmin(x, y) (x) = min((x), (y))
#define chmax(x, y) (x) = max((x), (y))
#define sz(x) ((ll)(x).size())
#define ceil(x, y) (((x)+(y)-1) / (y))
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define outl(...) dump_func(__VA_ARGS__)
#define inf 1e18

using namespace std;

typedef long long llint;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> P;

struct edge{
	ll to, cost;
	edge(){}
	edge(ll a, ll b){ to = a, cost = b;}
};
const ll dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0}, dy[] = {0, -1, 0, 1};

const ll mod = 1000000007;
//const ll mod = 998244353;

struct mint{
	ll x = 0;
	mint(ll y = 0){x = y; if(x < 0 || x >= mod) x = (x%mod+mod)%mod;}
	mint(const mint &ope) {x = ope.x;}
	
	mint operator-(){return mint(-x);}
	mint operator+(const mint &ope){return mint(x) += ope;}
	mint operator-(const mint &ope){return mint(x) -= ope;}
	mint operator*(const mint &ope){return mint(x) *= ope;}
	mint operator/(const mint &ope){return mint(x) /= ope;}
	mint& operator+=(const mint &ope){
		x += ope.x;
		if(x >= mod) x -= mod;
		return *this;
	}
	mint& operator-=(const mint &ope){
		x += mod - ope.x;
		if(x >= mod) x -= mod;
		return *this;
	}
	mint& operator*=(const mint &ope){
		x *= ope.x, x %= mod;
		return *this;
	}
	mint& operator/=(const mint &ope){
		ll n = mod-2; mint mul = ope;
		while(n){
			if(n & 1) *this *= mul;
			mul *= mul;
			n >>= 1;
		}
		return *this;
	}
	mint inverse(){return mint(1) / *this;}
	bool operator ==(const mint &ope){return x == ope.x;}
	bool operator !=(const mint &ope){return x != ope.x;}
};
mint modpow(mint a, ll n){
	if(n == 0) return mint(1);
	if(n % 2) return a * modpow(a, n-1);
	else return modpow(a*a, n/2);
}
istream& operator >>(istream &is, mint &ope){
	ll t; is >> t, ope.x = t;
	return is;
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream &os, mint &ope){return os << ope.x;}
ostream& operator <<(ostream &os, const mint &ope){return os << ope.x;}

bool exceed(ll x, ll y, ll m){return x >= m / y + 1;}
void mark(){ cout << "*" << endl; }
void yes(){ cout << "YES" << endl; }
void no(){ cout << "NO" << endl; }
ll gcd(ll a, ll b){if(b == 0) return a; return gcd(b, a%b);}
ll digitnum(ll x, ll b = 10){ll ret = 0; for(; x; x /= b) ret++; return ret;}
ll digitsum(ll x, ll b = 10){ll ret = 0; for(; x; x /= b) ret += x % b; return ret;}
string tostr(ll x){string ret; for(;x;x/=10) ret += x % 10 + '0'; reverse(ret.begin(), ret.end()); return ret;}
ll toint(string &s){ll ret = 0; for(auto c : s) ret *= 10, ret += c - '0'; return ret;}
template<typename T>
void uniq(T &vec){ sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()); vec.erase(unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());}

template<typename T>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, vector<T>& vec) {
	for(int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) os << vec[i] << (i + 1 == vec.size() ? "" : " ");
	return os;
}
template<typename T>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, deque<T>& deq) {
	for(int i = 0; i < deq.size(); i++) os << deq[i] << (i + 1 == deq.size() ? "" : " ");
	return os;
}
template<typename T, typename U>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, pair<T, U>& pair_var) {
	os << "(" << pair_var.first << ", " << pair_var.second << ")";
	return os;
}
template<typename T, typename U>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const pair<T, U>& pair_var) {
	os << "(" << pair_var.first << ", " << pair_var.second << ")";
	return os;
}
template<typename T, typename U>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, map<T, U>& map_var) {
	for(typename map<T, U>::iterator itr = map_var.begin(); itr != map_var.end(); itr++) {
		os << "(" << itr->first << ", " << itr->second << ")";
		itr++; if(itr != map_var.end()) os << ","; itr--;
	}
	return os;
}
template<typename T>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, set<T>& set_var) {
	for(typename set<T>::iterator itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
		os << *itr; ++itr; if(itr != set_var.end()) os << " "; itr--;
	}
	return os;
}
template<typename T>
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, multiset<T>& set_var) {
	for(typename multiset<T>::iterator itr = set_var.begin(); itr != set_var.end(); itr++) {
		os << *itr; ++itr; if(itr != set_var.end()) os << " "; itr--;
	}
	return os;
}
template<typename T>
void outa(T a[], ll s, ll t){
	for(ll i = s; i <= t; i++){ cout << a[i]; if(i < t) cout << " ";}
	cout << endl;
}
void dump_func() {cout << endl;}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void dump_func(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
	cout << head;
	if(sizeof...(Tail) > 0) cout << " ";
	dump_func(std::move(tail)...);
}

ll c[300005], d[300005], dmax = 0;

struct Mo{
	typedef pair<P, P> Query;
	int B;
	vector<llint> vec;
	vector<Query> qvec;
	vector<P> avec;
	int qid;
	
	Mo(){
		init();
	}
	void init(){
		vec.clear();
		qvec.clear();
		avec.clear();
		qid = 0;
		d[0] = 300000;
	}
	void setArray(vector<llint> &src){
		vec = src;
		B = sqrt((int)src.size());
	}
	int addQuery(int l, int r)
	{
		qvec.push_back(Query(P(l/B, r), P(l, qid)));
		return qid++;
	}
	void calc()
	{
		if(qvec.size() == 0) return;
		sort(qvec.begin(), qvec.end());
		
		int l = qvec[0].second.first, r = qvec[0].first.second;
		for(int i = l; i <= r; i++) add(vec[i], false);
		avec.push_back(P(qvec[0].second.second, get()));
		
		for(int i = 1; i < qvec.size(); i++){
			int nl = qvec[i].second.first, nr = qvec[i].first.second;
			while(l > nl) l--, add(vec[l], true);
			while(r < nr) r++, add(vec[r], false);
			while(l < nl) erase(vec[l], true), l++;
			while(r > nr) erase(vec[r], false), r--;
			int qid = qvec[i].second.second;
			avec.push_back(P(qid, get()));
		}
		sort(avec.begin(), avec.end());
	}
	llint getAnswer(int qid)
	{
		return avec[qid].second;
	}
	
	void add(llint x, bool left)
	{
		d[c[x]]--;
		c[x]++;
		d[c[x]]++;
		chmax(dmax, c[x]);
	}
	void erase(llint x, bool left)
	{
		d[c[x]]--;
		c[x]--;
		d[c[x]]++;
		if(d[dmax] == 0) dmax--;
	}
	llint get()
	{
		return dmax;
	}
};

ll n, Q;
ll a[300005];
ll qid[300005], len[300005];
Mo mo;

int main(void)
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cin.tie(0);
	
	cin >> n >> Q;
	rep(i, 1, n) cin >> a[i];
	
	vector<ll> vec;
	vec.push_back(0);
	rep(i, 1, n) vec.push_back(a[i]);
	mo.setArray(vec);
	
	ll l, r;
	rep(q, 1, Q){
		cin >> l >> r;
		qid[q] = mo.addQuery(l, r);
		len[q] = r-l+1;
	}
	mo.calc();
	
	rep(q, 1, Q){
		ll x = mo.getAnswer(qid[q]), y = len[q] - x;
		cout << max(1LL, x-y) << "\n";
	}
	
		return 0;
}

created 4 years ago by Kiranpal Singh

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Read inputs from stdin

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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
Case-sensitive
C++ is a compiler based language
C++ supports structured programming language
C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition);

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}