#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream> using namespace std; class book { public: string title; string author; string publisher; int year; string isbn; book* next; book(string, string, string, int, string, book*); }; book::book(string tempTitle, string tempAuthor, string tempPublisher, int tempYear, string tempIsbn, book* tempNext) { title=tempTitle; author=tempAuthor; publisher=tempPublisher; year=tempYear; isbn=tempIsbn; next=tempNext; } typedef book* bookPtr; void getline(istream &stream, string &str, char delimiter) { char temp[500]; stream.get(temp, 500, delimiter); stream.ignore(500, delimiter); str = temp; } void getline(istream &stream, int &num, char delimiter) { int temp; stream >> temp; stream.ignore(500, delimiter); num= temp; } void readFile(bookPtr &root); void insert (bookPtr &root); void delTitle(bookPtr &root); bookPtr locateNode(bookPtr temp, string titl); void delIsbn(bookPtr &root); bookPtr locateNodeIsbn(bookPtr temp, string isb); void searchIsbn(bookPtr temp); void printList(bookPtr temp); void printAuthor(bookPtr temp); void saveFile(bookPtr temp); int countNodes(bookPtr temp); void readFile(bookPtr &root) { int numBooks, yea; string titl, aut, pub, isb; ifstream infile ("books.txt", ios::in); infile >> numBooks; infile.ignore(500,'\n'); for (int count = 0; count < numBooks; count++) { getline(infile, titl, '\n'); getline(infile, aut, '\n'); getline(infile, pub, '\n'); getline(infile,yea, '\n'); getline(infile, isb, '\n'); root = new book (titl, aut, pub, yea, isb, root); } } void insert (bookPtr &root) { string titl, aut, pub, isb; int yea; cout << "Title:\t\t\t"; cin.ignore(500,'\n'); getline(cin, titl, '\n'); cout << "Author:\t\t\t"; getline(cin, aut, '\n'); cout << "Publisher:\t\t"; getline(cin,pub, '\n'); cout << "Year:\t\t\t"; getline(cin,yea, '\n'); cout << "ISBN:\t\t\t"; getline(cin, isb, '\n'); root = new book (titl, aut, pub, yea, isb, root); } void delTitle(bookPtr &root) { string titl; cout << "Book Title:\t\t\t"; cin.ignore(500,'\n'); getline(cin, titl, '\n'); bookPtr p = locateNode(root, titl); if (p == NULL) cout << "\nDeletion cannot be done.\n\n"; else if (root == p) root = p->next; else { bookPtr q = root; while (q->next != p) q = q->next; q->next = p->next; } delete p; } bookPtr locateNode(bookPtr temp, string titl) { while (temp != NULL) { if (temp->title == titl) { return temp; } temp = temp->next; } return NULL; } void delIsbn(bookPtr &root) { string isb; cout << "Book ISBN:\t\t\t"; cin.ignore(500,'\n'); getline(cin, isb, '\n'); bookPtr p = locateNodeIsbn(root, isb); if (p == NULL) cout << "\nDeletion cannot be done.\n\n"; else if (root == p) root = p->next; else { bookPtr q = root; while (q->next != p) q = q->next; q->next = p->next; } delete p; } bookPtr locateNodeIsbn(bookPtr temp, string isb) { while (temp != NULL) { if (temp->isbn == isb) { return temp; } temp = temp->next; } return NULL; } void searchIsbn(bookPtr temp) { string isb; cout << "Book ISBN:\t\t\t"; cin.ignore(500,'\n'); getline(cin, isb, '\n'); while (temp != NULL) { if (isb == temp->isbn) { cout << temp->title << "\n"; cout << temp->author << "\n"; cout << temp->publisher << "\n"; cout << temp->year << "\n"; cout << temp->isbn << "\n\n"; } temp = temp->next; } cout << "\n"; } void printList(bookPtr temp) { while (temp != NULL) { cout << temp->title << "\n"; cout << temp->author << "\n"; cout << temp->publisher << "\n"; cout << temp->year << "\n"; cout << temp->isbn << "\n\n"; temp = temp->next; } cout << "\n"; } void printAuthor(bookPtr temp) { string aut; cout << "Author name:\t\t\t"; cin.ignore(500,'\n'); getline(cin, aut, '\n'); while (temp != NULL) { if (temp->author == aut) { cout << temp->title << "\n"; cout << temp->author << "\n"; cout << temp->publisher << "\n"; cout << temp->year << "\n"; cout << temp->isbn << "\n\n"; } temp = temp->next; } cout << "\n"; } void saveFile(bookPtr temp) { int count = countNodes(temp); ofstream outFile("saved.txt",ios::out); outFile << count << "\n"; while (temp != NULL) { outFile << temp->title << "\n"; outFile << temp->author << "\n"; outFile << temp->publisher << "\n"; outFile << temp->year << "\n"; outFile << temp->isbn << "\n"; temp = temp->next; } cout << "\n"; } int countNodes(bookPtr temp) { int countB = 0; while (temp != NULL) { countB++; temp = temp->next; } return countB; } int main() { int choice; bookPtr root = NULL; readFile(root); do { cout << "\t\t<<=========================>>"; cout << "\n\t\t>>LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM<<"; cout << "\n\t\t<<=========================>>"; cout << "\n\nMenu: Select your option\n\n"; cout << "(1) Add a book to the list\n"; cout << "(2) Delete a book based on Title\n"; cout << "(3) Delete a book based on ISBN\n"; cout << "(4) Search for a book by ISBN.\n"; cout << "(5) List all books.\n"; cout << "(6) List all books by an author.\n"; cout << "(7) Quit.\n\n"; cout << "Enter your choice ---> "; cin >> choice; if (1 <= choice && choice <= 6) { switch (choice) { case 1: insert(root); break; case 2: delTitle(root); break; case 3: delIsbn(root); break; case 4: searchIsbn(root); break; case 5: printList(root); break; case 6: printAuthor(root); break; default: cout << "Invalid choice. Enter again.\n\n"; break; } } } while (choice != 7); saveFile(root); return 0; }
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string name;
cout << "Enter name:";
getline (cin, name);
cout << "Hello " << name;
return 0;
}
C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
//code
}
else {
//code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.
switch(conditional-expression){
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
......
default:
code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
//code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while (condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
// code
}