#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <time.h>
using namespace sf;

int N=30,M=20;
int size=16;
int w = size*N;
int h = size*M;

int dir,num=4;

struct Snake 
{ int x,y;}  s[100];

struct Fruit
{ int x,y;} f;

void Tick()
 {
    for (int i=num;i>0;--i)
     {s[i].x=s[i-1].x; s[i].y=s[i-1].y;}

    if (dir==0) s[0].y+=1;      
    if (dir==1) s[0].x-=1;        
    if (dir==2) s[0].x+=1;         
    if (dir==3) s[0].y-=1;   

    if ((s[0].x==f.x) && (s[0].y==f.y)) 
     {num++; f.x=rand()%N; f.y=rand()%M;}

    if (s[0].x>N) s[0].x=0;  if (s[0].x<0) s[0].x=N;
    if (s[0].y>M) s[0].y=0;  if (s[0].y<0) s[0].y=M;
 
    for (int i=1;i<num;i++)
     if (s[0].x==s[i].x && s[0].y==s[i].y)  num=i;
 }

int main()
{  
    srand(time(0));

    RenderWindow window(VideoMode(w, h), "Snake Game!");

    Texture t1,t2;
    t1.loadFromFile("images/white.png");
    t2.loadFromFile("images/red.png");

    Sprite sprite1(t1);
    Sprite sprite2(t2);

    Clock clock;
    float timer=0, delay=0.1;

    f.x=10;
    f.y=10; 
    
    while (window.isOpen())
    {
        float time = clock.getElapsedTime().asSeconds();
        clock.restart();
        timer+=time; 

        Event e;
        while (window.pollEvent(e))
        {
            if (e.type == Event::Closed)      
                window.close();
        }

        if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::Left)) dir=1;   
        if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::Right)) dir=2;    
        if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::Up)) dir=3;
        if (Keyboard::isKeyPressed(Keyboard::Down)) dir=0;

        if (timer>delay) {timer=0; Tick();}

   ////// draw  ///////
    window.clear();

    for (int i=0; i<N; i++) 
      for (int j=0; j<M; j++) 
        { sprite1.setPosition(i*size, j*size);  window.draw(sprite1); }

    for (int i=0;i<num;i++)
        { sprite2.setPosition(s[i].x*size, s[i].y*size);  window.draw(sprite2); }
   
    sprite2.setPosition(f.x*size, f.y*size);  window.draw(sprite2);    

    window.display();
    }

    return 0;
}
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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition);

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}