// This is a simple introductory program; its main window contains a static
// picture of a tetrahedron, whose top vertex is white and whose bottom
// vertices are red, green and blue.  The program illustrates viewing by
// defining an object at a convenient location, then transforming it so that
// it lies within the view volume.  This is a lousy way to do things (it's
// easier to use gluLookAt()), but it's nice to see how viewing is done at
// a very low level.

#ifdef __APPLE_CC__
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

// Clears the window and draws the tetrahedron.  The tetrahedron is  easily
// specified with a triangle strip, though the specification really isn't very
// easy to read.
void display() {
  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

  // Draw a white grid "floor" for the tetrahedron to sit on.
  glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
  glBegin(GL_LINES);
  for (GLfloat i = -2.5; i <= 2.5; i += 0.25) {
    glVertex3f(i, 0, 2.5); glVertex3f(i, 0, -2.5);
    glVertex3f(2.5, 0, i); glVertex3f(-2.5, 0, i);
  }
  glEnd();

  // Draw the tetrahedron.  It is a four sided figure, so when defining it
  // with a triangle strip we have to repeat the last two vertices.
  glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
    glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glVertex3f(0, 2, 0);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0); glVertex3f(-1, 0, 1);
    glColor3f(0, 1, 0); glVertex3f(1, 0, 1);
    glColor3f(0, 0, 1); glVertex3f(0, 0, -1.4);
    glColor3f(1, 1, 1); glVertex3f(0, 2, 0);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0); glVertex3f(-1, 0, 1);
  glEnd();

  glFlush();
}

// Sets up global attributes like clear color and drawing color, enables and
// initializes any needed modes (in this case we want backfaces culled), and
// sets up the desired projection and modelview matrices. It is cleaner to
// define these operations in a function separate from main().
void init() {

  // Set the current clear color to sky blue and the current drawing color to
  // white.
  glClearColor(0.1, 0.39, 0.88, 1.0);
  glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

  // Tell the rendering engine not to draw backfaces.  Without this code,
  // all four faces of the tetrahedron would be drawn and it is possible
  // that faces farther away could be drawn after nearer to the viewer.
  // Since there is only one closed polyhedron in the whole scene,
  // eliminating the drawing of backfaces gives us the realism we need.
  // THIS DOES NOT WORK IN GENERAL.
  glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
  glCullFace(GL_BACK);

  // Set the camera lens so that we have a perspective viewing volume whose
  // horizontal bounds at the near clipping plane are -2..2 and vertical
  // bounds are -1.5..1.5.  The near clipping plane is 1 unit from the camera
  // and the far clipping plane is 40 units away.
  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
  glLoadIdentity();
  glFrustum(-2, 2, -1.5, 1.5, 1, 40);

  // Set up transforms so that the tetrahedron which is defined right at
  // the origin will be rotated and moved into the view volume.  First we
  // rotate 70 degrees around y so we can see a lot of the left side.
  // Then we rotate 50 degrees around x to "drop" the top of the pyramid
  // down a bit.  Then we move the object back 3 units "into the screen".
  glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
  glLoadIdentity();
  glTranslatef(0, 0, -3);
  glRotatef(50, 1, 0, 0);
  glRotatef(70, 0, 1, 0);
}

// Initializes GLUT, the display mode, and main window; registers callbacks;
// does application initialization; enters the main event loop.
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  glutInit(&argc, argv);
  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
  glutInitWindowPosition(80, 80);
  glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
  glutCreateWindow("A Simple Tetrahedron");
  glutDisplayFunc(display);
  init();
  glutMainLoop();
}
Torus
 

C++ Online Compiler

Write, Run & Share C++ code online using OneCompiler's C++ online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for C++ language, running on the latest version 17. Getting started with the OneCompiler's C++ compiler is simple and pretty fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as C++ and start coding!

Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}