#include <iostream> using namespace std; #define MAX_SIZE 100 class Queue { private: int arr[MAX_SIZE]; int front, rear; public: Queue() { front = -1; // Initialize front of the queue rear = -1; // Initialize rear of the queue } // Function to check if the queue is empty bool isEmpty() { return front == -1 && rear == -1; } // Function to check if the queue is full bool isFull() { return rear == MAX_SIZE - 1; } // Function to enqueue an element into the queue void enqueue(int value) { if (isFull()) { cout << "Queue Overflow!" << endl; return; } if (isEmpty()) { front = rear = 0; } else { rear++; } arr[rear] = value; cout << "Enqueued " << value << " into the queue." << endl; } // Function to dequeue an element from the queue int dequeue() { if (isEmpty()) { cout << "Queue Underflow!" << endl; return -1; // Return a default value indicating failure } int value = arr[front]; if (front == rear) { front = rear = -1; } else { front++; } cout << "Dequeued " << value << " from the queue." << endl; return value; } // Function to return the front element of the queue without removing it int peek() { if (isEmpty()) { cout << "Queue is empty." << endl; return -1; // Return a default value indicating failure } return arr[front]; } // Function to display all elements of the queue void display() { if (isEmpty()) { cout << "Queue is empty." << endl; return; } cout << "Queue elements: "; for (int i = front; i <= rear; ++i) { cout << arr[i] << " "; } cout << endl; } }; int main() { Queue queue; int choice, value; while (true) { cout << "\nQueue Operations:" << endl; cout << "1. Enqueue" << endl; cout << "2. Dequeue" << endl; cout << "3. Peek" << endl; cout << "4. Display" << endl; cout << "5. Exit" << endl; cout << "Enter your choice: "; cin >> choice; switch (choice) { case 1: cout << "Enter value to enqueue: "; cin >> value; queue.enqueue(value); break; case 2: queue.dequeue(); break; case 3: cout << "Front element: " << queue.peek() << endl; break; case 4: queue.display(); break; case 5: cout << "Exiting program." << endl; return 0; default: cout << "Invalid choice! Please try again." << endl; } } return 0; }
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string name;
cout << "Enter name:";
getline (cin, name);
cout << "Hello " << name;
return 0;
}
C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
//code
}
else {
//code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.
switch(conditional-expression){
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
......
default:
code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){
//code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while (condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.
return_type function_name(parameters);
function_name (parameters)
return_type function_name(parameters) {
// code
}