#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
using namespace std;
bool gameOver;
const int width = 20;
const int height = 20;
int x, y, fruitX, fruitY, score, HS = 340;
int tailX[100], tailY[100];
int nTail;
enum eDirection { STOP = 0, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN };
eDirection dir;
int kbhit(void)
{
    struct termios oldt, newt;
    int ch;
    int oldf;
    tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &oldt);
    newt = oldt;
    newt.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO);
    tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &newt);
    oldf = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);
    fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, oldf | O_NONBLOCK);
    ch = getchar();
    tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &oldt);
    fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, oldf);
    if(ch != EOF)
    {
        ungetc(ch, stdin);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
void ClearScreen()
{
    cout << "\033[2J\033[1;1H";
}
void Setup()
{
    gameOver = false;
    dir = STOP;
    x = width / 2;
    y = height / 2;
    fruitX = rand() % width;
    fruitY = rand() % height;
    score = 0;
    ifstream inFile("worldRecord.txt");
    if (inFile.is_open()) {
        inFile >> HS;
        inFile.close();
    } else {
        cout << "Unable to open file for reading.";
    }
}
void Draw()
{
    ClearScreen();
    cout << " World Record: " << HS << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
        cout << "#";
    cout << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
        {
            if (j == 0)
                cout << "#";
            if (i == y && j == x)
                cout << "O";
            else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
                cout << "F";
            else
            {
                bool print = false;
                for (int k = 0; k < nTail; k++)
                {
                    if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i)
                    {
                        cout << "o";
                        print = true;
                    }
                }
                if (!print)
                    cout << " ";
            }

            if (j == width - 1)
                cout << "#";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
        cout << "#";
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Score: " << score << endl;
}
void Input()
{
    if (kbhit())
    {
        switch (getchar())
        {
        case 'a':
            dir = LEFT;
            break;
        case 'd':
            dir = RIGHT;
            break;
        case 'w':
            dir = UP;
            break;
        case 's':
            dir = DOWN;
            break;
        case 'x':
            gameOver = true;
            break;
        }
    }
}
void Logic()
{
    int prevX = tailX[0];
    int prevY = tailY[0];
    int prev2X, prev2Y;
    tailX[0] = x;
    tailY[0] = y;
    for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++)
    {
        prev2X = tailX[i];
        prev2Y = tailY[i];
        tailX[i] = prevX;
        tailY[i] = prevY;
        prevX = prev2X;
        prevY = prev2Y;
    }
    switch (dir)
    {
    case LEFT:
        x--;
        break;
    case RIGHT:
        x++;
        break;
    case UP:
        y--;
        break;
    case DOWN:
        y++;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    if (x >= width || x < 0 || y >= height || y < 0)
        gameOver = true;
    for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
        if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
            gameOver = true;
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY)
    {
        score += 10;
        if (score > HS) {
            HS = score;
            ofstream outFile("worldRecord.txt");
            if (outFile.is_open()) {
                outFile << HS;
                outFile.close();
            } else {
                cout << "Unable to open file for writing.";
            }
        }
        fruitX = rand() % width;
        fruitY = rand() % height;
        nTail++;
    }
}

int main()
{
    srand(time(NULL));
    Setup();
    while (!gameOver)
    {
        Draw();
        Input();
        Logic();
        usleep(100000); 
    }
    return 0;
} 
by

C++ Online Compiler

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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}