#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

// Define a Flight structure
struct Flight {
    int flightNumber;
    string departureCity;
    string arrivalCity;
    string departureTime;
    string arrivalTime;
    int totalSeats;
    int availableSeats;
    double ticketPrice;
    string frequency;

    Flight(int number, const string& departure, const string& arrival, const string& departTime, const string& arriveTime, int seats, double price, const string& freq)
        : flightNumber(number), departureCity(departure), arrivalCity(arrival), departureTime(departTime), arrivalTime(arriveTime), totalSeats(seats), availableSeats(seats),
          ticketPrice(price), frequency(freq) {}
};

// Define a Passenger structure
struct Passenger {
    string name;
    int age;

    Passenger(const string& n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}
};

// Define a Ticket structure
struct Ticket {
    Passenger passenger;
    Flight* flight;

    Ticket(const Passenger& p, Flight* f) : passenger(p), flight(f) {}
};

// Define the AirlineSystem class
class AirlineSystem {
private:
    vector<Flight> flights;
    vector<Ticket> tickets;

public:
    // Constructor to initialize flights
    AirlineSystem() {
        // Add predefined flights
        addFlight(1, "Karachi", "Islamabad", "08:00", "10:00", 200, 22500, "Daily");
        addFlight(2, "Karachi", "Lahore", "09:00", "11:00", 200, 22500, "Daily");
        addFlight(3, "Karachi", "Peshawar", "10:00", "12:00", 200, 12000, "Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday");
        addFlight(4, "Karachi", "Quetta", "11:00", "13:00", 200, 11500, "Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday");
        addFlight(5, "Karachi", "Faisalabad", "12:00", "14:00", 200, 22500, "Daily");
        addFlight(6, "Islamabad", "Peshawar", "13:00", "15:00", 200, 22500, "Daily");
        addFlight(7, "Islamabad", "Lahore", "14:00", "16:00", 200, 22500, "Daily");
        addFlight(8, "Islamabad", "Quetta", "15:00", "17:00", 200, 25000, "Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday");
        addFlight(9, "Karachi", "Skardu", "16:00", "18:00", 200, 35000, "Friday, Saturday, Sunday");
        addFlight(10, "Islamabad", "Skardu", "17:00", "19:00", 200, 30000, "Friday, Saturday, Sunday");
    }

    // Book a ticket on a specific flight
    bool bookTicket(const string& passengerName, int passengerAge) {
        int chosenFlight;
        cout << "Enter the flight number to book a ticket: ";
        cin >> chosenFlight;

        for (int i = 0; i < flights.size(); i++) { // Traditional for loop
            Flight& flight = flights[i];
            if (flight.flightNumber == chosenFlight) {
                if (flight.availableSeats > 0) {
                    Passenger passenger(passengerName, passengerAge);
                    tickets.push_back(Ticket(passenger, &flight));
                    flight.availableSeats--;
                    cout << "Ticket booked for " << passengerName << " on flight " << chosenFlight << ".\n";
                    return true;
                } else {
                    cout << "No seats available on flight " << chosenFlight << ".\n";
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        cout << "Flight " << chosenFlight << " not found.\n";
        return false;
    }

    // Cancel a ticket
    bool cancelTicket(const string& passengerName) {
        int flightNumber;
        cout << "Enter the flight number to cancel the ticket: ";
        cin >> flightNumber;

        for (int i = 0; i < tickets.size(); i++) { // Find the ticket
            if (tickets[i].passenger.name == passengerName && tickets[i].flight->flightNumber == flightNumber) {
                tickets[i].flight->availableSeats++; // Return the seat
                tickets.erase(tickets.begin() + i); // Remove the ticket
                cout << "Ticket for " << passengerName << " on flight " << flightNumber << " has been canceled.\n";
                return true;
            }
        }
        cout << "Ticket not found for " << passengerName << " on flight " << flightNumber << ".\n";
        return false;
    }

    // Display all available flights
    void displayFlights() const {
        cout << "Available Flights:\n";
        cout << setw(15) << "Flight Number" << setw(20) << "Departure"
             << setw(20) << "Arrival" << setw(20) << "Departure Time" << setw(20) << "Arrival Time"
             << setw(20) << "Available Seats" << setw(15) << "Ticket Price" << setw(25) << "Frequency (Days)" << "\n";

        for (int i = 0; i < flights.size(); i++) { // Traditional for loop
            const Flight& flight = flights[i];
            cout << setw(15) << flight.flightNumber << setw(20) << flight.departureCity
                 << setw(20) << flight.arrivalCity << setw(20) << flight.departureTime
                 << setw(20) << flight.arrivalTime << setw(20) << flight.availableSeats
                 << setw(15) << flight.ticketPrice << setw(25) << flight.frequency << "\n";
        }
    }

    // Display all booked tickets
    void displayTickets() const {
        cout << "Booked Tickets:\n";
        cout << setw(20) << "Passenger Name" << setw(10) << "Age"
             << setw(15) << "Flight Number" << setw(20) << "Departure" << setw(20) << "Arrival" << "\n";

        for (int i = 0; i < tickets.size(); i++) { // Traditional for loop
            const Ticket& ticket = tickets[i];
            cout << setw(20) << ticket.passenger.name << setw(10) << ticket.passenger.age
                 << setw(15) << ticket.flight->flightNumber << setw(20) << ticket.flight->departureCity
                 << setw(20) << ticket.flight->arrivalCity << "\n";
        }
    }

private:
    // Function to add a flight
    void addFlight(int number, const string& departure, const string& arrival, const string& departTime, const string& arriveTime, int seats, double price, const string& freq) {
        flights.push_back(Flight(number, departure, arrival, departTime, arriveTime, seats, price, freq));
    }
};

// Function to display the menu
void displayMenu() {
    cout << "\nAirline System Menu:\n";
    cout << "1. Book a ticket\n";
    cout << "2. Display available flights\n";
    cout << "3. Cancel a ticket\n";
    cout << "4. Display booked tickets\n";
    cout << "5. Exit\n";
    cout << "Enter your choice: ";
}

// Main program with interactive menu
int main() {
    AirlineSystem airlineSystem;
    int choice;

    while (true) {
        displayMenu(); // Show menu
        cin >> choice; // Get user's choice

        switch (choice) {
            case 1: { // Book a ticket
                string passengerName;
                int passengerAge;
                cout << "Enter passenger name: ";
                cin.ignore(); // Clear newline in buffer
                getline(cin, passengerName);
                cout << "Enter passenger age: ";
                cin >> passengerAge;

                airlineSystem.bookTicket(passengerName, passengerAge);
                break;
            }
            case 2: { // Display available flights
                airlineSystem.displayFlights();
                break;
            }
            case 3: { // Cancel a ticket
                string passengerName;
                cout << "Enter passenger name: ";
                cin.ignore(); // Clear newline in buffer
                getline(cin, passengerName);

                airlineSystem.cancelTicket(passengerName);
                break;
            }
            case 4: { // Display booked tickets
                airlineSystem.displayTickets();
                break;
            }
            case 5: { // Exit the program
                cout << "Exiting the program. Goodbye!\n";
                return 0;
            }
            default:
                cout << "Invalid choice. Please try again.\n";
                break;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}
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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition);

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}