#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

class String {
private:
    char* data;
    size_t length;

public:
    // Constructor
    String(const char* str = nullptr) {
        if (str == nullptr) {
            data = new char[1];
            data[0] = '\0';
            length = 0;
        } else {
            length = strlen(str);
            data = new char[length + 1];
            strcpy(data, str);
        }
    }
    
    // default Copy constructor
    // String(const String& other) {
    //     length = other.length;
    //     data = other.data;
    // }

    // See what will happen if you remove below Copy constructor
    // Copy constructor
    String(const String& other) {
        length = other.length;
        data = new char[length + 1];
        strcpy(data, other.data);
    }

    // Destructor
    ~String() {
        delete[] data;
    }

    // For demonstration purposes
    void print() const {
        std::cout << data << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    String s1("Hello");
    String s2 = s1;  // Copy constructor is called

    s1.print();  // Output: Hello
    s2.print();  // Output: Hello

    return 0;
}
by

C++ Online Compiler

Write, Run & Share C++ code online using OneCompiler's C++ online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for C++ language, running on the latest version 17. Getting started with the OneCompiler's C++ compiler is simple and pretty fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as C++ and start coding!

Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition);

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}