#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Example
{
public:
    // 1. Default Constructor
    Example()
    {
        cout << "Initialize members with default values" << endl;
    }

    // 2. Parameterized Constructor
    Example(int a, double b) : member_a(a), member_b(b)
    {
        cout << "Initialize members with provided values" << endl;
    }

    // 3. Copy Constructor
    Example(const Example &other) : member_a(other.member_a), member_b(other.member_b)
    {
        cout << "Create a new object as a copy of an existing object" << endl;
    }

    // 4. Move Constructor
    Example(Example &&other) noexcept
        : member_a(std::move(other.member_a)), member_b(std::move(other.member_b))
    {
        cout << "Transfer ownership of resources from one object to another" << endl;
    }

    // 5. Delegating Constructor
    Example(int a) : Example(a, 0.0)
    {
        cout << "Delegate to the two-parameter constructor" << endl;
    }

    // 6. Converting Constructor
    explicit Example(double d) : member_a(static_cast<int>(d)), member_b(d)
    {
        cout << "Convert from another type (in this case, double)" << endl;
    }

    // 7. Copy-List-Initialization Constructor
    Example(std::initializer_list<int> list)
    {
        cout << "Initialize from a list of values" << endl;
    }

private:
    int member_a;
    double member_b;
};

int main()
{

    // Usage examples:
    Example e1;                 // Default constructor
    Example e2(10, 3.14);       // Parameterized constructor
    Example e3 = e2;            // Copy constructor
    Example e4 = std::move(e3); // Move constructor
    Example e5(5);              // Delegating constructor
    Example e6 = Example(3.14); // Converting constructor
    Example e7 = {1, 2, 3, 4};  // Copy-list-initialization constructor
    return 0;
}
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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
}

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
}

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition);

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}