#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// Function to perform beam search
void beamSearch(map<char, map<char, int>> graph, char start, char goal, int beamWidth, map<char, int>& heuristics) {
    // Priority queue to hold paths with cumulative cost and their respective nodes
    priority_queue<pair<int, vector<char>>, vector<pair<int, vector<char>>>, greater<pair<int, vector<char>>>> currentLevel;
    currentLevel.push({heuristics[start], {start}});  // Start path with heuristic value
    

    while (!currentLevel.empty()) {
        vector<pair<int, vector<char>>> nextLevel;
        
        // Process all paths in the current level
        int currentLevelSize = currentLevel.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentLevelSize; i++) {
            int currentCost = currentLevel.top().first;
            vector<char> currentPath = currentLevel.top().second;
            currentLevel.pop();

            // Get the current node (last node in the path)
            char currentNode = currentPath.back();
            cout << "Current path: ";
            for (char node : currentPath) cout << node << " ";
            cout << "| Cost: " << currentCost << endl;

            // Check if goal is reached
            if (currentNode == goal) {
                cout << "Path found: ";
                for (char node : currentPath) cout << node << " ";
                cout << "| Cost: " << currentCost << endl;
                return;
            }

            // Explore neighbors of the current node
            cout << "Processing node: " << currentNode << endl;
            for (auto neighbor : graph[currentNode]) {
                char nextNode = neighbor.first;
                int edgeCost = neighbor.second;

                // Avoid revisiting nodes in the current path
                if (find(currentPath.begin(), currentPath.end(), nextNode) == currentPath.end()) {
                    // Mark as visited

                    // Create a new path and calculate its cost
                    vector<char> newPath = currentPath;
                    newPath.push_back(nextNode);
                    int newCost = currentCost + edgeCost + heuristics[nextNode];
                    cout << "| New Cost: " << newCost << " for " << nextNode << endl;

                    // Add the new path to the next level
                    nextLevel.push_back({newCost, newPath});
                }
            }
        }

        // Sort all paths at this level by cost and keep only the best `beamWidth` paths
        sort(nextLevel.begin(), nextLevel.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < min(beamWidth, (int)nextLevel.size()); i++) {
            currentLevel.push(nextLevel[i]);
        }
    }

    // If no path to the goal was found
    cout << "No path found to the goal." << endl;
}

int main() {
    // Define the graph as adjacency lists with edge costs
    map<char, map<char, int>> graph = {
        {'S', {{'A', 3}, {'B', 5}}},
        {'A', {{'S', 3}, {'B', 4}, {'D', 3}}},
        {'B', {{'S', 5}, {'A', 4}, {'C', 4}}},
        {'C', {{'B', 4}, {'E', 6}}},
        {'D', {{'A', 3}, {'G', 5}}},
        {'E', {{'C', 6}}},
        {'G', {{'D', 5}}}
    };
    // Define heuristic values for each node to the goal 'G'
    map<char, int> heuristics;
    heuristics['S'] = 10;
    heuristics['A'] = 9;
    heuristics['B'] = 8;
    heuristics['C'] = 7;
    heuristics['D'] = 6;
    heuristics['E'] = 5;
    heuristics['G'] = 0;
    
    unordered_map<char, int> vis;
    
    // Beam search with a beam width of 2
    beamSearch(graph, 'S', 'G', 3, heuristics);

    return 0;  
} 
by

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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}