#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define mod ((int)1e9 + 7)
#define max 200001

int gcdExtended(int a, int b, int *x, int *y) { 
    if (a == 0) { 
        *x = 0; 
        *y = 1; 
        return b; 
    } 
    int x1, y1; 
    int gcd = gcdExtended(b % a, a, &x1, &y1); 
    *x = y1 - (b / a) * x1; 
    *y = x1; 
    return gcd; 
} 
 
int modInverse(int b, int m) {
    int x, y;
    int g = gcdExtended(b, m, &x, &y);
    if (g != 1)
        return -1;
    return (x % m + m) % m;
}
 
bool cmp(pair<char, int>& a, pair<char, int>& b) { 
    return a.second > b.second; 
}
 
void sortMap(map<char, int>& M) { 
    vector<pair<char, int> > A; 
    for (auto& it : M) A.push_back(it); 
    sort(A.begin(), A.end(), cmp); 
}

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    //vector<pair<pair<int, int>, int>> ranges;
    // for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    //     int l, r;
    //     cin >> l >> r;
    //     ranges.push_back({{l, r}, i});
    // }

    // sort(ranges.begin(), ranges.end(), [](const pair<pair<int, int>, int>& a, const pair<pair<int, int>, int>& b) {
    //     if (a.first.first != b.first.first) 
    //         return a.first.first < b.first.first;
    //     return a.first.second < b.first.second;
    // });
   
    vector<pair<int, int>> range(n);
    for (auto &p : range) cin >> p.first >> p.second;
    
     // priority_queue<pair<int, int>, vector<pair<int, int>>, greater<pair<int, int>>> pq;
    // vector<int> assigned(n, 0);
    // string result(n + 1, '0');
    // result[n] = '\0';


    unordered_map<int, int> mp;
    for (const auto &p : range) {
        if (p.first == p.second) {
            mp[p.first]++;
        }
    }
    
    // int idx = 0, val = 1;

    vector<int> v;

    for (const auto &[value, count] : mp) {
        v.push_back(value);
        cnt[value] += count;
    }
    sort(v.begin(), v.end());

    string res;
    res.reserve(n);
      // while (idx < n || !pq.empty()) {
    //     while (idx < n && ranges[idx].first.first <= val) {
    //         pq.push({ranges[idx].first.second, ranges[idx].second});
    //         idx++;
    //     }

    //     while (!pq.empty() && pq.top().first < val) {
    //         pq.pop();
    //     }

    //     if (!pq.empty()) {
    //         auto [right, index] = pq.top();
    //         pq.pop();
    //         if (val >= ranges[index].first.first && val <= ranges[index].first.second) {
    //             assigned[index] = val;
    //             result[index] = '1';
    //             val++;
    //         }
    //     } else {
    //         val++;
    //     }
    // }

    for (const auto &[i, j] : range) {
      if(i==j){
        res += (mp[i] > 1) ? '0' : '1';
        continue;
      }
        if (i < j) {

            // for (int k : v) {
            //     if (k > j) break; 
            //     if (k >= i) x++;
            // }
            int l = lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), i) - v.begin();
            int r = upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), j) - v.begin();
            int x = r - l;

            res += (x < j - i + 1) ? '1' : '0';
        } else {
            res += (cnt[i] <= 1) ? '1' : '0';
        }
    }
    
    cout << res << "\n";
    for (auto &[v, cnt] : mp) {
        cnt[v] -= cnt;
    }
}

signed main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    cout.tie(nullptr);

    int t;
    cin >> t;
    vector<int> cnt(max, 0);
    while (t--) {
        solve();
    }

    return 0;
}
 
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Read inputs from stdin

OneCompiler's C++ online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    string name;
    cout << "Enter name:";
    getline (cin, name);
    cout << "Hello " << name;
    return 0;
}

About C++

C++ is a widely used middle-level programming language.

  • Supports different platforms like Windows, various Linux flavours, MacOS etc
  • C++ supports OOPS concepts like Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation and Abstraction.
  • Case-sensitive
  • C++ is a compiler based language
  • C++ supports structured programming language
  • C++ provides alot of inbuilt functions and also supports dynamic memory allocation.
  • Like C, C++ also allows you to play with memory using Pointers.

Syntax help

Loops

1. If-Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
   //code
}
else {
   //code
}

You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.

switch(conditional-expression){    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
  //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while (condition) {  
// code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {  
 // code 
} while (condition); 

Functions

Function is a sub-routine which contains set of statements. Usually functions are written when multiple calls are required to same set of statements which increases re-usuability and modularity. Function gets run only when it is called.

How to declare a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters);

How to call a Function:

function_name (parameters)

How to define a Function:

return_type function_name(parameters) {  
 // code
}