using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Collections;
public class Chip8
{
// Bitmask constants
private static readonly byte NibbleMask = 0b1111;
// Font sprites (constants)
private static readonly byte[] FontSprites =
{
0xF0, 0X90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, // 0
0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70, // 1
0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 2
0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 3
0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10, // 4
0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 5
0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, // 6
0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40, // 7
0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, // 8
0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, // 9
0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, // A
0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, // B
0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0, // C
0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0, // D
0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, // E
0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80 // F
};
// Hardware specification constants
private static readonly int MemorySize = 4096;
private static readonly byte NoRegisters = 16;
private static readonly byte DisplayWidth = 64;
private static readonly byte DisplayHeight = 32;
// Memory & registers
private byte[] memory = new byte[MemorySize];
private byte[] V = new byte[NoRegisters];
private ushort PC = 0;
private ushort I = 0;
private Stack stack = new Stack();
private BitArray[] display;
public Chip8()
{
// Initialise display grid
display = new BitArray[DisplayHeight];
for (int i=0; i<DisplayHeight; i++)
{
display[i] = new BitArray(DisplayWidth,false);
}
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Chip8 sys = new Chip8();
sys.Display();
}
private void Iterate()
{
// Fetch
ushort instruct = (ushort) ((memory[PC] << 8) & memory[PC + 1]);
PC += 2;
// Decode
byte opcode = (byte) ((instruct) >> 12);
byte X = (byte) ((instruct >> 8) & NibbleMask);
byte Y = (byte) ((instruct >> 4) & NibbleMask);
byte N = (byte) (instruct & NibbleMask);
byte NN = (byte) ((instruct >> 4) & 0b11111111);
ushort NNN = (byte) (instruct & 0b111111111111);
// Execute
switch (opcode)
{
case 0x0: // Clear display
ClearDisplay();
break;
case 0x1: // Jump to NNN
PC = NNN;
break;
case 0x6: // Set value to NN in register X
V[X] = NN;
break;
case 0x7: // Add NN to value in register X
V[X] += NN;
break;
case 0xA: // Set value of index register to NNN
I = NNN;
break;
case 0xD:
// Retrieve screen co-ordinates from registers
byte displayX = (byte) (V[X] % DisplayWidth);
byte displayY = (byte) (V[Y] % DisplayHeight);
I = 0; // Reset index register
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Warning! - opcode not recognised\n{" + opcode + "}");
break;
}
}
public void Display() {
for (int y=0; y<DisplayHeight; y++)
{
for (int x=0; x<DisplayWidth; x++)
{
Console.Write(display[y].Get(x) ? "#" : "0");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
private void ClearDisplay() {
for (int i=0; i<DisplayHeight; i++)
{
display[i].SetAll(false);
}
}
}
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OneCompiler's C# online compiler supports stdin and users can give inputs to programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Following is a sample program which takes name as input and print your name with hello.
using System;
namespace Sample
{
class Test
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name;
name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("Hello {0} ", name);
}
}
}
C# is a general purpose object-oriented programming language by Microsoft. Though initially it was developed as part of .net but later it was approved by ECMA and ISO standards.
You can use C# to create variety of applications, like web, windows, mobile, console applications and much more using Visual studio.
| Data Type | Description | Range | size |
|---|---|---|---|
| int | To store integers | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 | 4 bytes |
| double | to store large floating point numbers with decimals | can store 15 decimal digits | 8 bytes |
| float | to store floating point numbers with decimals | can store upto 7 decimal digits | 4 bytes |
| char | to store single characters | - | 2 bytes |
| string | to stores text | - | 2 bytes per character |
| bool | to stores either true or false | - | 1 bit |
datatype variable-name = value;
When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition or set of few conditions IF-ELSE is used.
if(conditional-expression) {
// code
}
else {
// code
}
You can also use if-else for nested Ifs and If-Else-If ladder when multiple conditions are to be performed on a single variable.
Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder.
switch(conditional-expression) {
case value1:
// code
break; // optional
case value2:
// code
break; // optional
...
default:
// code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;
}
For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition.
for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement) {
// code
}
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while(condition) {
// code
}
Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.
do {
// code
} while (condition);
Array is a collection of similar data which is stored in continuous memory addresses. Array values can be fetched using index. Index starts from 0 to size-1.
data-type[] array-name;
Method is a set of statements which gets executed only when they are called. Call the method name in the main function to execute the method.
static void method-name()
{
// code to be executed
}