package org.cloudbus.cloudsim.examples; 
import java.text.DecimalFormat; 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar; 
import java.util.LinkedList; 
import java.util.List; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Cloudlet; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.CloudletSchedulerTimeShared; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Datacenter; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.DatacenterBroker; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.DatacenterCharacteristics; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Host; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Log; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Pe; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Storage; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.UtilizationModel; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.UtilizationModelFull; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.Vm; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.VmAllocationPolicySimple; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.VmSchedulerTimeShared; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.CloudSim; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.BwProvisionerSimple; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.PeProvisionerSimple; 
import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.RamProvisionerSimple; 
  public class CloudSimExample6 { 
  private static List<Cloudlet> cloudletList; 
 private static List<Vm> vmlist; 
 private static List<Vm> createVM(int userId, int vms) { 
 LinkedList<Vm> list = new LinkedList<Vm>(); 
 	long size = 10000; //image size (MB)   
int ram = 512; //vm memory (MB)   
int mips = 1000;   
long bw = 1000;  
 int pesNumber = 1; //number of cpus   
String vmm = "Xen"; //VMM name 
 	Vm[] vm = new Vm[vms]; 
 	for(int i=0;i<vms;i++){    
vm[i] = new Vm(i, userId, mips, pesNumber, ram, bw, size, vmm, new CloudletSchedulerTimeShared());    
//for creating a VM with a space shared scheduling policy for cloudlets:    
//vm[i] = Vm(i, userId, mips, pesNumber, ram, bw, size, priority, vmm, new CloudletSchedulerSpaceShared()); 
 
   list.add(vm[i]);  
 } 
 return list; 
 } 
 private static List<Cloudlet> createCloudlet(int userId, int cloudlets){
   // Creates a container to store Cloudlets  
 LinkedList<Cloudlet> list = new LinkedList<Cloudlet>(); 
 //cloudlet parameters   
long length = 1000;   
long fileSize = 300;   
long outputSize = 300;   
int pesNumber = 1;   
UtilizationModel utilizationModel = new UtilizationModelFull(); 
 Cloudlet[] cloudlet = new Cloudlet[cloudlets]; 
 for(int i=0;i<cloudlets;i++){    
cloudlet[i] = new Cloudlet(i, length, pesNumber, fileSize, outputSize, utilizationModel, utilizationModel, utilizationModel);    
// setting the owner of these Cloudlets    cloudlet[i].setUserId(userId); 
   list.add(cloudlet[i]);  
 } 
 return list;  
} 
  ////////////////////////// STATIC METHODS /////////////////////// 
 /**   * Creates main() to run this example   */  
public static void main(String[] args) {   Log.printLine("Starting CloudSimExample6..."); 
 try {   
 // First step: Initialize the CloudSim package. It should be called   
 // before creating any entities.   
 int num_user = 1;   // number of grid users    
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();   
 boolean trace_flag = false;  // mean trace events 
 // Initialize the CloudSim library    
CloudSim.init(num_user, calendar, trace_flag); 
 // Second step: Create Datacenters    
//Datacenters are the resource providers in CloudSim. We need at list one of them to run a CloudSim simulation    @SuppressWarnings("unused")    
Datacenter datacenter0 = createDatacenter("Datacenter_0");    
@SuppressWarnings("unused")    
Datacenter datacenter1 = createDatacenter("Datacenter_1"); 
 //Third step: Create Broker    
DatacenterBroker broker = createBroker();    
int brokerId = broker.getId(); 
 //Fourth step: Create VMs and Cloudlets and send them to broker   
 vmlist = createVM(brokerId,20); //creating 20 vms   
 cloudletList = createCloudlet(brokerId,40); // creating 40 cloudlets 
 broker.submitVmList(vmlist);   
 broker.submitCloudletList(cloudletList); 
 // Fifth step: Starts the simulation    
CloudSim.startSimulation(); 
 // Final step: Print results when simulation is over   
 List<Cloudlet> newList = broker.getCloudletReceivedList(); 
 CloudSim.stopSimulation(); 
 printCloudletList(newList); 
 Log.printLine("CloudSimExample6 finished!");   }  
 catch (Exception e)   {    
e.printStackTrace();    
Log.printLine("The simulation has been terminated due to an unexpected error");   
}
 } 
 private static Datacenter createDatacenter(String name){ 
  // Here are the steps needed to create a PowerDatacenter:   // 1. We need to create a list to store one or more   //    Machines   
List<Host> hostList = new ArrayList<Host>(); 
  // 2. A Machine contains one or more PEs or CPUs/Cores. Therefore, should   //    create a list to store these PEs before creating   //    a Machine.  
List<Pe> peList1 = new ArrayList<Pe>(); 
 int mips = 1000; 
 // 3. Create PEs and add these into the list.   //for a quad-core machine, a list of 4 PEs is required:   peList1.add(new Pe(0, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips))); // need to store Pe id and MIPS Rating   peList1.add(new Pe(1, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips)));   
peList1.add(new Pe(2, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips)));   
peList1.add(new Pe(3, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips))); 
 //Another list, for a dual-core machine   List<Pe> peList2 = new ArrayList<Pe>(); 
 peList2.add(new Pe(0, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips)));   
peList2.add(new Pe(1, new PeProvisionerSimple(mips))); 
 //4. Create Hosts with its id and list of PEs and add them to the list of machines   
int hostId=0;   
int ram = 2048; //host memory (MB)   
long storage = 1000000; //host storage  
 int bw = 10000; 
 hostList.add( new Host( 
        	hostId,         
new RamProvisionerSimple(ram),        
 new BwProvisionerSimple(bw),         
storage,        
 peList1,         
new VmSchedulerTimeShared(peList1))); // This is our first machine 
hostId++; 
 hostList.add(new Host(hostId,  new RamProvisionerSimple(ram),         
new BwProvisionerSimple(bw),         
storage,         
peList2,         
new VmSchedulerTimeShared(peList2))); // Second machine 
 //To create a host with a space-shared allocation policy for PEs to VMs:   
hostList.add( new Host(      
hostId,      
new CpuProvisionerSimple(peList1),      
new RamProvisionerSimple(ram),      
new BwProvisionerSimple(bw),     
 storage,      
new VmSchedulerSpaceShared(peList1) ) ); 
 //To create a host with a oportunistic space-shared allocation policy for PEs to VMs:   
hostList.add(  new Host(      
hostId,      
new CpuProvisionerSimple(peList1),     
new RamProvisionerSimple(ram),      
new BwProvisionerSimple(bw),      
storage,      
new VmSchedulerOportunisticSpaceShared(peList1) ) ); 
 // 5. Create a DatacenterCharacteristics object that stores the   
//    properties of a data center: architecture, OS, list of 
  //    Machines, allocation policy: time- or space-shared, time zone   
//    and its price (G$/Pe time unit).   
String arch = "x86";      // system architecture  
 String os = "Linux";          // operating system   
String vmm = "Xen";   
double time_zone = 10.0;         // time zone this resource located  
 double cost = 3.0;              // the cost of using processing in this resource   
double costPerMem = 0.05;  // the cost of using memory in this resource   
double costPerStorage = 0.1; // the cost of using storage in this resource   
double costPerBw = 0.1;   // the cost of using bw in this resource   
LinkedList<Storage> storageList = new LinkedList<Storage>(); //we are not adding SAN devices by now 
 DatacenterCharacteristics characteristics = new DatacenterCharacteristics(  arch, os, vmm, hostList, time_zone, cost, costPerMem, costPerStorage, costPerBw); 
// 6. Finally, we need to create a PowerDatacenter object.   
Datacenter datacenter = null;   
try {    
datacenter = new Datacenter(name, characteristics, new VmAllocationPolicySimple(hostList), storageList, 0);  
 } 
catch (Exception e) {   
 e.printStackTrace();   } 
  	return datacenter;  
} 
 private static DatacenterBroker createBroker(){ 
 DatacenterBroker broker = null;
 try {    
broker = new DatacenterBroker("Broker");   } 
catch (Exception e) {  
  e.printStackTrace();    return null;   }  
 return broker;  } 
 /**   * Prints the Cloudlet objects   * @param list  list of Cloudlets   */  
private static void printCloudletList(List<Cloudlet> list) { 
  int size = list.size();   
Cloudlet cloudlet; 
 String indent = "    ";   
Log.printLine();   
Log.printLine("========== OUTPUT ==========");   
Log.printLine("Cloudlet ID" + indent + "STATUS" + indent +     "Data center ID" + indent + "VM ID" + indent + indent + "Time" + indent + "Start Time" + indent + "Finish Time"); 
 DecimalFormat dft = new DecimalFormat("###.##");  
 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {   
 cloudlet = list.get(i);    
Log.print(indent + cloudlet.getCloudletId() + indent + indent); 
 if (cloudlet.getCloudletStatus() == Cloudlet.SUCCESS){   
Log.print("SUCCESS"); 
Log.printLine( indent + indent + cloudlet.getResourceId() + indent + indent + indent + cloudlet.getVmId() +       indent + indent + indent + dft.format(cloudlet.getActualCPUTime()) +       indent + indent + dft.format(cloudlet.getExecStartTime())+ indent + indent + indent + dft.format(cloudlet.getFinishTime()));   
 } } 
} } 
 
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Taking inputs (stdin)

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import java.util.Scanner;
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    	System.out.println("Enter your name: ");
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About Java

Java is a very popular general-purpose programming language, it is class-based and object-oriented. Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems ( later acquired by Oracle) the initial release of Java was in 1995. Java 17 is the latest long-term supported version (LTS). As of today, Java is the world's number one server programming language with a 12 million developer community, 5 million students studying worldwide and it's #1 choice for the cloud development.

Syntax help

Variables

short x = 999; 			// -32768 to 32767
int   x = 99999; 		// -2147483648 to 2147483647
long  x = 99999999999L; // -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807

float x = 1.2;
double x = 99.99d;

byte x = 99; // -128 to 127
char x = 'A';
boolean x = true;

Loops

1. If Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
  // code
} else {
  // code
}

Example:

int i = 10;
if(i % 2 == 0) {
  System.out.println("i is even number");
} else {
  System.out.println("i is odd number");
}

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder and to select one among many blocks of code.

switch(<conditional-expression>) {    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
...    
    
default:     
 //code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually for loop is preferred when number of iterations is known in advance.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
    //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while(<condition>){  
 // code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {
  // code 
} while (<condition>); 

Classes and Objects

Class is the blueprint of an object, which is also referred as user-defined data type with variables and functions. Object is a basic unit in OOP, and is an instance of the class.

How to create a Class:

class keyword is required to create a class.

Example:

class Mobile {
    public:    // access specifier which specifies that accessibility of class members 
    string name; // string variable (attribute)
    int price; // int variable (attribute)
};

How to create a Object:

Mobile m1 = new Mobile();

How to define methods in a class:

public class Greeting {
    static void hello() {
        System.out.println("Hello.. Happy learning!");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        hello();
    }
}

Collections

Collection is a group of objects which can be represented as a single unit. Collections are introduced to bring a unified common interface to all the objects.

Collection Framework was introduced since JDK 1.2 which is used to represent and manage Collections and it contains:

  1. Interfaces
  2. Classes
  3. Algorithms

This framework also defines map interfaces and several classes in addition to Collections.

Advantages:

  • High performance
  • Reduces developer's effort
  • Unified architecture which has common methods for all objects.
CollectionDescription
SetSet is a collection of elements which can not contain duplicate values. Set is implemented in HashSets, LinkedHashSets, TreeSet etc
ListList is a ordered collection of elements which can have duplicates. Lists are classified into ArrayList, LinkedList, Vectors
QueueFIFO approach, while instantiating Queue interface you can either choose LinkedList or PriorityQueue.
DequeDeque(Double Ended Queue) is used to add or remove elements from both the ends of the Queue(both head and tail)
MapMap contains key-values pairs which don't have any duplicates. Map is implemented in HashMap, TreeMap etc.