package com.example.appproto1;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbDeviceConnection;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;

import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialDriver;
import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialPort;
import com.hoho.android.usbserial.driver.UsbSerialProber;
import com.hoho.android.usbserial.util.SerialInputOutputManager;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class USBSerialConnector implements SerialInputOutputManager.Listener {

    private static final String ACTION_USB_PERMISSION = "com.android.example.USB_PERMISSION";
    private static final String TAG = "USBSerialConnector";

    private static boolean hasPermission = false;

    private SerialInputOutputManager serialIOManager;
    private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    private UsbManager usbManager;
    private UsbSerialPort serialPort;
    private USBSerialListener usbSerialListener;
    private Handler handlerTimeOut;
    private Context mContext;

    private static USBSerialConnector instance = null;

    private Runnable timeOutRunnable = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            usbSerialListener.onDataReceived(null);
        }
    };

    public static USBSerialConnector getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new USBSerialConnector();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public void init(Context context, final int baudRate) {
        mContext = context;
        usbManager = (UsbManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);

        /**
         * Receiver to USB Permission
         */
        BroadcastReceiver usbReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                String action = intent.getAction();
                if (ACTION_USB_PERMISSION.equals(action)) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        SystemClock.sleep(1000);
                        List<UsbSerialDriver> availableDrivers = UsbSerialProber.getDefaultProber().findAllDrivers(usbManager);
                        if (availableDrivers != null && !availableDrivers.isEmpty()) {
                            UsbSerialDriver driver = availableDrivers.get(0);
                            List<UsbSerialPort> ports = driver.getPorts();
                            if (!ports.isEmpty()) {
                                serialPort = ports.get(0);
                                context.unregisterReceiver(this);
                                hasPermission = true;
                                new SetUsbSerialDriver().execute(baudRate);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        PendingIntent mPermissionIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, new Intent(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION), 0);
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION);
        context.registerReceiver(usbReceiver, filter);

        SystemClock.sleep(1000);
        List<UsbSerialDriver> availableDrivers = UsbSerialProber.getDefaultProber().findAllDrivers(usbManager);
        if (availableDrivers != null && !availableDrivers.isEmpty()) {
            // Open a connection to the first available driver.
            UsbSerialDriver driver = availableDrivers.get(0);
            List<UsbSerialPort> ports = driver.getPorts();

            // Read some data! Most have just one port (port 0).
            if (!ports.isEmpty()) {
                serialPort = ports.get(0);
                Log.d(TAG, "Port: " + serialPort);
                if (!hasPermission) {
                    usbManager.requestPermission(serialPort.getDriver().getDevice(), mPermissionIntent);
                } else {
                    new SetUsbSerialDriver().execute(baudRate);
                }
            } else {
                Log.d(TAG, "USB Serial device not found");
                usbSerialListener.onDeviceReady(ResponseStatus.ERROR);
            }
        } else {
            onDeviceStateChange(ResponseStatus.ERROR);
        }

        registerOnDeviceDisconnected(context);
    }

    public void pausedActivity() {
        stopIOManager();
        if (serialPort != null) {
            try {
                serialPort.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                usbSerialListener.onErrorReceived(Utilities.getStackTrace(e));
            }
            serialPort = null;
        }
    }

    private void stopIOManager() {
        if (serialIOManager != null) {
            serialIOManager.stop();
            serialIOManager = null;
        }
    }

    private void startIOManager() {
        if (serialPort != null) {
            serialIOManager = new SerialInputOutputManager(serialPort, this);
            executor.submit(serialIOManager);
        }
    }

    private void onDeviceStateChange(ResponseStatus responseStatus) {
        stopIOManager();
        startIOManager();
        usbSerialListener.onDeviceReady(responseStatus);
    }

    private void registerOnDeviceDisconnected(Context context) {
        BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                if (intent.getAction().equals(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED)) {
                    usbSerialListener.onDeviceDisconnected();
                }
            }
        };
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED);
        context.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
    }

    public void setUsbSerialListener(USBSerialListener usbSerialListener) {
        this.usbSerialListener = usbSerialListener;
    }

    private void removeTimeOutCallbacks() {
        if (handlerTimeOut != null) {
            handlerTimeOut.removeCallbacks(timeOutRunnable);
        }
    }

    public void write(byte[] data, int timeoutMillis) {
        handlerTimeOut = new Handler();
        if (serialIOManager != null) {
            serialIOManager.writeAsync(data);
            handlerTimeOut.postDelayed(timeOutRunnable, timeoutMillis);
        } else {
            usbSerialListener.onErrorReceived("Null SerialIOManager");
        }
    }

    public void writeAsync(byte[] data){
        if (serialIOManager != null) {
            serialIOManager.writeAsync(data);
        } else {
            usbSerialListener.onErrorReceived("Null SerialIOManager");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onNewData(final byte[] data) {
        //removeTimeOutCallbacks();
        Log.d(TAG, Utilities.bytesToString(data));
        ((Activity) mContext).runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                usbSerialListener.onDataReceived(data);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onRunError(Exception e) {
        //removeTimeOutCallbacks();
        usbSerialListener.onErrorReceived("onRunError: " + Utilities.getStackTrace(e));
    }

    private class SetUsbSerialDriver extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Boolean> {
        @Override
        protected Boolean doInBackground(Integer... params) {
            try {
                UsbDeviceConnection connection = usbManager.openDevice(serialPort.getDriver().getDevice());
                if (connection == null) {
                    // You probably need to
                    // callUsbManager.requestPermission(driver.getDevice(),
                    // ..)
                    Log.d(TAG, "Opening device failed");
                    return false;
                } else {
                    try {
                        serialPort.open(connection);
                        serialPort.setParameters(params[0], 11, UsbSerialPort.STOPBITS_1, UsbSerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
                        Log.d(TAG, "Serial device: " + serialPort.getClass().getSimpleName());
                        return true;
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Error setting up device: " + Utilities.getStackTrace(e));
                        pausedActivity();
                        serialPort = null;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Error setting up device: " + Utilities.getStackTrace(e));
                pausedActivity();
            }

            return false;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            onDeviceStateChange(result ? ResponseStatus.SUCCESS : ResponseStatus.ERROR);
        }
    }
} 

Java online compiler

Write, Run & Share Java code online using OneCompiler's Java online compiler for free. It's one of the robust, feature-rich online compilers for Java language, running the Java LTS version 17. Getting started with the OneCompiler's Java editor is easy and fast. The editor shows sample boilerplate code when you choose language as Java and start coding.

Taking inputs (stdin)

OneCompiler's Java online editor supports stdin and users can give inputs to the programs using the STDIN textbox under the I/O tab. Using Scanner class in Java program, you can read the inputs. Following is a sample program that shows reading STDIN ( A string in this case ).

import java.util.Scanner;
class Input {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    	System.out.println("Enter your name: ");
    	String inp = input.next();
    	System.out.println("Hello, " + inp);
    }
}

Adding dependencies

OneCompiler supports Gradle for dependency management. Users can add dependencies in the build.gradle file and use them in their programs. When you add the dependencies for the first time, the first run might be a little slow as we download the dependencies, but the subsequent runs will be faster. Following sample Gradle configuration shows how to add dependencies

apply plugin:'application'
mainClassName = 'HelloWorld'

run { standardInput = System.in }
sourceSets { main { java { srcDir './' } } }

repositories {
    jcenter()
}

dependencies {
    // add dependencies here as below
    implementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-lang3', version: '3.9'
}

About Java

Java is a very popular general-purpose programming language, it is class-based and object-oriented. Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems ( later acquired by Oracle) the initial release of Java was in 1995. Java 17 is the latest long-term supported version (LTS). As of today, Java is the world's number one server programming language with a 12 million developer community, 5 million students studying worldwide and it's #1 choice for the cloud development.

Syntax help

Variables

short x = 999; 			// -32768 to 32767
int   x = 99999; 		// -2147483648 to 2147483647
long  x = 99999999999L; // -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807

float x = 1.2;
double x = 99.99d;

byte x = 99; // -128 to 127
char x = 'A';
boolean x = true;

Loops

1. If Else:

When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition If-Else is used.

if(conditional-expression) {
  // code
} else {
  // code
}

Example:

int i = 10;
if(i % 2 == 0) {
  System.out.println("i is even number");
} else {
  System.out.println("i is odd number");
}

2. Switch:

Switch is an alternative to If-Else-If ladder and to select one among many blocks of code.

switch(<conditional-expression>) {    
case value1:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
case value2:    
 // code    
 break;  // optional  
...    
    
default:     
 //code to be executed when all the above cases are not matched;    
} 

3. For:

For loop is used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually for loop is preferred when number of iterations is known in advance.

for(Initialization; Condition; Increment/decrement){  
    //code  
} 

4. While:

While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.

while(<condition>){  
 // code 
}  

5. Do-While:

Do-while is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. It is mostly used when you need to execute the statements atleast once.

do {
  // code 
} while (<condition>); 

Classes and Objects

Class is the blueprint of an object, which is also referred as user-defined data type with variables and functions. Object is a basic unit in OOP, and is an instance of the class.

How to create a Class:

class keyword is required to create a class.

Example:

class Mobile {
    public:    // access specifier which specifies that accessibility of class members 
    string name; // string variable (attribute)
    int price; // int variable (attribute)
};

How to create a Object:

Mobile m1 = new Mobile();

How to define methods in a class:

public class Greeting {
    static void hello() {
        System.out.println("Hello.. Happy learning!");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        hello();
    }
}

Collections

Collection is a group of objects which can be represented as a single unit. Collections are introduced to bring a unified common interface to all the objects.

Collection Framework was introduced since JDK 1.2 which is used to represent and manage Collections and it contains:

  1. Interfaces
  2. Classes
  3. Algorithms

This framework also defines map interfaces and several classes in addition to Collections.

Advantages:

  • High performance
  • Reduces developer's effort
  • Unified architecture which has common methods for all objects.
CollectionDescription
SetSet is a collection of elements which can not contain duplicate values. Set is implemented in HashSets, LinkedHashSets, TreeSet etc
ListList is a ordered collection of elements which can have duplicates. Lists are classified into ArrayList, LinkedList, Vectors
QueueFIFO approach, while instantiating Queue interface you can either choose LinkedList or PriorityQueue.
DequeDeque(Double Ended Queue) is used to add or remove elements from both the ends of the Queue(both head and tail)
MapMap contains key-values pairs which don't have any duplicates. Map is implemented in HashMap, TreeMap etc.