Core OOP Principles:

Introduction to OOP

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm that uses "objects" to design and structure software. Each object represents a real-world entity with attributes (properties) and behaviors (methods). The goal is to make code modular, reusable, and easier to maintain.

Encapsulation

• Bundling of data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit (class).
• Ensures data hiding and controlled access using access modifiers.

Abstraction:

• Hides implementation details from the user, exposing only the functionality.
  Achieved using abstract classes or interfaces.
  Inheritance:
• Mechanism to acquire properties and behaviors of a parent class in a child class.
  Promotes code reusability.

Polymorphism:

• Ability of a single interface to represent different forms.
• Achieved using method overloading (compile-time) and method overriding (runtime).