Theory

This program demonstrates how to implement and operate on complex numbers using C++ classes and operator overloading. A complex number is expressed in the form:

z=a+bi
where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part.

Objective:
To create a Complex class to represent complex numbers.

To perform addition and multiplication of complex numbers.

To implement input/output operations using overloaded operators.

Key Concepts Used:
✅ 1. Class and Objects
The Complex class contains two private members: real and imag, which represent the parts of the complex number.

Constructors are used to initialize these values.

✅ 2. Operator Overloading
operator+ is overloaded to perform complex number addition.

operator* is overloaded to perform complex number multiplication.

operator<< and operator>> are overloaded to handle input and output operations for complex numbers.

✅ 3. Friend Functions
operator<< and operator>> are declared as friend functions to allow access to private members for I/O.

Advantages of This Approach:
Demonstrates Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts.

Makes the code modular and easy to understand.

Shows how to extend C++ functionality using operator overloading.

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Define the Complex class
Declare two private data members: real and imag (both double).

Define a default constructor to initialize both real and imag to 0.

Define a parameterized constructor to initialize real and imag with user-supplied values.

Step 3: Overload operators
Overload the + operator to add two complex numbers.

Overload the * operator to multiply two complex numbers.

Overload the << operator to print a complex number.

Overload the >> operator to input a complex number.

Step 4: In the main() function
Declare three Complex objects: c1, c2, and result.

Prompt the user to enter the first complex number.

Use >> operator to input c1.

Prompt the user to enter the second complex number.

Use >> operator to input c2.

Step 5: Perform operations
Use the overloaded + operator to add c1 and c2. Store result in result.

Print the sum using the overloaded << operator.

Use the overloaded * operator to multiply c1 and c2. Store result in result.

Print the product using the overloaded << operator.

Step 6: End