import sys
import pygame
import random
pygame.init()
# Screen dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
GRID_SIZE = 25
# Colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
COLORS = [RED, BLUE, GREEN]
# Tetromino shapes
SHAPES = [
[
['.....',
'.....',
'.....',
'OOOO.',
'.....'],
['.....',
'..O..',
'..O..',
'..O..',
'..O..']
],
[
['.....',
'.....',
'..O..',
'.OOO.',
'.....'],
['.....',
'..O..',
'.OO..',
'..O..',
'.....'],
['.....',
'.....',
'.OOO.',
'..O..',
'.....'],
['.....',
'..O..',
'..OO.',
'..O..',
'.....']
],
[
[
'.....',
'.....',
'..OO.',
'.OO..',
'.....'],
['.....',
'.....',
'.OO..',
'..OO.',
'.....'],
['.....',
'.O...',
'.OO..',
'..O..',
'.....'],
['.....',
'..O..',
'.OO..',
'.O...',
'.....']
],
[
['.....',
'..O..',
'..O.',
'..OO.',
'.....'],
['.....',
'...O.',
'.OOO.',
'.....',
'.....'],
['.....',
'.OO..',
'..O..',
'..O..',
'.....'],
['.....',
'.....',
'.OOO.',
'.O...',
'.....']
],
]
class Tetromino:
def __init__(self, x, y, shape):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.shape = shape
self.color = random.choice(COLORS) # You can choose different colors for each shape
self.rotation = 0
class Tetris:
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.grid = [[0 for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
self.current_piece = self.new_piece()
self.game_over = False
self.score = 0 # Add score attribute
def new_piece(self):
# Choose a random shape
shape = random.choice(SHAPES)
# Return a new Tetromino object
return Tetromino(self.width // 2, 0, shape)
def valid_move(self, piece, x, y, rotation):
"""Check if the piece can move to the given position"""
for i, row in enumerate(piece.shape[(piece.rotation + rotation) % len(piece.shape)]):
for j, cell in enumerate(row):
try:
if cell == 'O' and (self.grid[piece.y + i + y][piece.x + j + x] != 0):
return False
except IndexError:
return False
return True
def clear_lines(self):
"""Clear the lines that are full and return the number of cleared lines"""
lines_cleared = 0
for i, row in enumerate(self.grid[:-1]):
if all(cell != 0 for cell in row):
lines_cleared += 1
del self.grid[i]
self.grid.insert(0, [0 for _ in range(self.width)])
return lines_cleared
def lock_piece(self, piece):
"""Lock the piece in place and create a new piece"""
for i, row in enumerate(piece.shape[piece.rotation % len(piece.shape)]):
for j, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell == 'O':
self.grid[piece.y + i][piece.x + j] = piece.color
# Clear the lines and update the score
lines_cleared = self.clear_lines()
self.score += lines_cleared * 100 # Update the score based on the number of cleared lines
# Create a new piece
self.current_piece = self.new_piece()
# Check if the game is over
if not self.valid_move(self.current_piece, 0, 0, 0):
self.game_over = True
return lines_cleared
def update(self):
"""Move the tetromino down one cell"""
if not self.game_over:
if self.valid_move(self.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):
self.current_piece.y += 1
else:
self.lock_piece(self.current_piece)
def draw(self, screen):
"""Draw the grid and the current piece"""
for y, row in enumerate(self.grid):
for x, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, cell, (x * GRID_SIZE, y * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE - 1, GRID_SIZE - 1))
if self.current_piece:
for i, row in enumerate(self.current_piece.shape[self.current_piece.rotation % len(self.current_piece.shape)]):
for j, cell in enumerate(row):
if cell == 'O':
pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.current_piece.color, ((self.current_piece.x + j) * GRID_SIZE, (self.current_piece.y + i) * GRID_SIZE, GRID_SIZE - 1, GRID_SIZE - 1))
def draw_score(screen, score, x, y):
"""Draw the score on the screen"""
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)
text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, WHITE)
screen.blit(text, (x, y))
def draw_game_over(screen, x, y):
"""Draw the game over text on the screen"""
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 48)
text = font.render("Game Over", True, RED)
screen.blit(text, (x, y))
def main():
# Initialize pygame
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption('Tetris')
# Create a clock object
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Create a Tetris object
game = Tetris(WIDTH // GRID_SIZE, HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE)
fall_time = 0
fall_speed = 50 # You can adjust this value to change the falling speed, it's in milliseconds
while True:
# Fill the screen with black
screen.fill(BLACK)
for event in pygame.event.get():
# Check for the QUIT event
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
# Check for the KEYDOWN event
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, -1, 0, 0):
game.current_piece.x -= 1 # Move the piece to the left
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 1, 0, 0):
game.current_piece.x += 1 # Move the piece to the right
if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):
game.current_piece.y += 1 # Move the piece down
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
if game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 0, 1):
game.current_piece.rotation += 1 # Rotate the piece
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
while game.valid_move(game.current_piece, 0, 1, 0):
game.current_piece.y += 1 # Move the piece down until it hits the bottom
game.lock_piece(game.current_piece) # Lock the piece in place
# Get the number of milliseconds since the last frame
delta_time = clock.get_rawtime()
# Add the delta time to the fall time
fall_time += delta_time
if fall_time >= fall_speed:
# Move the piece down
game.update()
# Reset the fall time
fall_time = 0
# Draw the score on the screen
draw_score(screen, game.score, 10, 10)
# Draw the grid and the current piece
game.draw(screen)
if game.game_over:
# Draw the "Game Over" message
draw_game_over(screen, WIDTH // 2 - 100, HEIGHT // 2 - 30) # Draw the "Game Over" message
# You can add a "Press any key to restart" message here
# Check for the KEYDOWN event
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
# Create a new Tetris object
game = Tetris(WIDTH // GRID_SIZE, HEIGHT // GRID_SIZE)
# Update the display
pygame.display.flip()
# Set the framerate
clock.tick(60)
if __name__ == "__main__":
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When ever you want to perform a set of operations based on a condition IF-ELSE is used.
if conditional-expression
#code
elif conditional-expression
#code
else:
#code
Indentation is very important in Python, make sure the indentation is followed correctly
For loop is used to iterate over arrays(list, tuple, set, dictionary) or strings.
mylist=("Iphone","Pixel","Samsung")
for i in mylist:
print(i)
While is also used to iterate a set of statements based on a condition. Usually while is preferred when number of iterations are not known in advance.
while condition
#code
There are four types of collections in Python.
List is a collection which is ordered and can be changed. Lists are specified in square brackets.
mylist=["iPhone","Pixel","Samsung"]
print(mylist)
Tuple is a collection which is ordered and can not be changed. Tuples are specified in round brackets.
myTuple=("iPhone","Pixel","Samsung")
print(myTuple)
Below throws an error if you assign another value to tuple again.
myTuple=("iPhone","Pixel","Samsung")
print(myTuple)
myTuple[1]="onePlus"
print(myTuple)
Set is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. Sets are specified in curly brackets.
myset{"iPhone","Pixel","Samsung"}
print{myset}
Dictionary is a collection of key value pairs which is unordered, can be changed, and indexed. They are written in curly brackets with key - value pairs.
mydict = {
"brand" :"iPhone",
"model": "iPhone 11"
}
print(mydict)