Basic Linux Commands

1.) pwd

userName@hostName:~# pwd 

pwd shows present working directory,

2.) ls

userName@hostName:~# ls

The “Is” command shows files presnt in current directory you are in
use the command “ls -lah” to view the file sizes of all the files in a folder.

3.) cd

userName@hostName:~# cd /var

cd refers to change directory which goes to that particular directory provided after cd command

4.) chmod

userName@hostName:~# chmod 777 -R /var

above chmod command provides full permissions to var folder and its sub-folders recursively

5.) apt-get

userName@hostName:~# apt-get

apt-get command is used to install packages in linux

userName@hostName:~# apt-get install notepad 

6.) hostname

userName@hostName:~#  hostname

hostname gives your name in the network

userName@hostName:~#  hostname -I 

gives IP address

7.) df

userName@hostName:~# df

df shows each mounted partition and their used/available space in % and in KBs.

8.) cat

userName@hostName:~# cat

cat command shows contents of a file

9.) nano, vi

userName@hostName:~# nano sample.txt

nano and vi are already installed text editors in the Linux command line.
You can save your files after editing by using the sequence, Ctrl+X, then Y (or N for no).

userName@hostName:~# vi sample.txt

You can save your files after editing by pressing 'esc' button and :wq to save and quit or :q to quit without saving

10.) mkdir

userName@hostName:~# mkdir Softwares

mkdir to create a directory

11.) rm

userName@hostName:~# rm -rf Softwares

The rm command is used to delete files and directories. rm cannot simply delete a directory. “rm -rf” is used to delete a directory forcefully.

12.) touch

userName@hostName:~# touch sample.txt

The touch command is used to create an empty file.

13.) man

userName@hostName:~# man ls

“man ls” shows the page of the ls command.
Help

userName@hostName:~# ls --help

help shows the ways command can be used

14.) cp

userName@hostName:~# cp sample.txt /home/userName/Softwares

The cp command is used to copy files. It takes two arguments, the first one is source location of the file to be copied, the second is destination location where to copy.

15.) mv

userName@hostName:~# mv sample.txt /home/userName/Softwares

The mv command is used to move files. It takes two arguments, the first one is source location of the file to be moved, the second is destination location where to move.

16.) echo

userName@hostName:~# echo helloworld >> sample.txt

“echo” command moves data into text file

17.) zip, unzip
zip command used to compress files into a zip archive, unzip is used to extract files from a zip archive.

18.) tar, untar
To create a tar archive use tar -cvf , -xvf to untar a tar archive

19.) Ctrl+C can be used to stop any command in terminal safely, Ctrl+Z can be used to force stop it.

20.) halt, poweroff, reboot

root@hostName:~# poweroff

To power off or reboot the computer use command sudo halt or poweroff and sudo reboot.