Operator is a symbol which specifies an action. R provides rich built-in operators.
Types of Operators in R
1. Arithmetic Operators
R arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on operands.
| Operator | Description |
|---|
| + | Used to perform Addition |
| - | Used to perform Subtraction |
| * | Used to perform Multiplication |
| / | Used to perform Division |
| %% | Used to return Remainder |
| ^ | used to perform Exponentiation |
Example
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("x + y:", x + y, "\n\n")
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("y - x:", y - x, "\n\n")
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("x * y:", x * y, "\n\n")
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("y/x:", y/x , "\n\n")
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("x %% y :", x %% y, "\n\n")
x <- c (5, 2, 2)
y <- c (7, 3, 9)
cat ("x ^ y:", x ^ y, "\n\n")
Check Result here
2. Relational Operators
R relational operators are used to compare two operands.
| Operator | Description | Usage |
|---|
| == | Is equal to | x == y |
| != | Not equal to | !=x |
| > | Greater than | x > y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
| < | Less than | x < y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
Example
x <- c (5, 2, 9)
y <- c (7, 2, 3)
cat("Is x > y: ", x > y, "\n\n")
cat("Is x < y: ", x < y, "\n\n")
cat("Is x >= y: ", x >= y, "\n\n")
cat("Is x <= y: ", x <= y, "\n\n")
cat("Is x != y: ", x != y, "\n\n")
cat("Is x <= y: ", x == y, "\n\n")
Check Result here
3. Logical operators
Below are the logical operators present in the R.
| Operator | Description |
|---|
| & | Element wise Logical AND |
| | | Element wise Logical OR |
| ! | Logical NOT |
| && | Logical AND |
| || | Logical OR |
Example
x <- c(7, 1, 0, 0, TRUE, 3+2i)
y <- c(9, 1, 0, 1, FALSE, 2+3i)
cat("x&y:", x&y, "\n\n")
cat("x|y:", x|y, "\n\n")
cat("!x:", !x, "\n\n")
cat("x&&y:", x&&y, "\n\n") # gives result only for the first element of both vectors
cat("x||y:", x||y, "\n\n")# gives result only for the first element of both vectors
Check Result here
4. Assignment Operators
Below are the assignment operators present in R.
| Operator | Description |
|---|
| <- or = or <<- | left assignment operators |
| -> or ->> | right assignment operators |
Example
x <- c(7, 1, 0, 0, TRUE, 3+2i)
y <<- c(9, 1, 0, 1, FALSE, 2+3i)
z = c(5, 2, 3, TRUE)
cat("x:",x,"\n\n")
cat("y:",y,"\n\n")
cat("z:",z,"\n\n")
c(7, 2, 0, 0, TRUE, 5+2i) -> a
c(9, 2, 0, 1, FALSE, 2+3i) ->> b
cat("a:",a,"\n\n")
cat("b:",b,"\n\n")
Check Result here
5. Miscellaneous Operator
| Operator type | Description |
|---|
| : | used to create a series of numbers in sequence for a given vector |
| %in% | used to check if an element belongs to a vector and returns true or false |
| %*% | used to multiply a matrix with its transpose |
Example
x <- 1:10
cat("x:", x, "\n\n")
y <- 7
z <- 19
cat("Is y is in x: ", y %in% x, "\n\n")
cat("Is z is in x: ", z %in% x, "\n\n")
X = matrix( c(1,2,3,4,5,6), nrow = 2,ncol = 3,byrow = TRUE)
m = X %*% t(X)
print(m)
Check Result here
Summary
| Operator type | Description |
|---|
| Arithmetic Operator | + , - , * , / , %%, ^ |
| Relational Operator | < , > , <= , >=, != , == |
| Logical Operator | &, |, && , ||, ! |
| Assignment Operator | = , ->, ->>, <-, <<- |
| Misc Operators | :, %in%, %*% |