OneCompiler

Strings

Strings can be enclosed with in either single quotes, or double quotes. R stores strings in double quotes even if you declare them with single quotes.

str1 <- "Hello World!"
print(str1)
str2 <- 'Happy learning!!'
print(str2)

String functions

1. paste()

Strings are concatenated using paste() function.

paste(..., sep = " ", collapse = NULL)
  • ... : represents any no of arguments
  • sep : indicates the seperator and it is optional
  • collapse : eliminates space in between two strings and it is optional.

Example

str1 <- "Hello World!"
str2 <- 'Happy learning!!'

print(paste(str1, str2))

print(paste(str1, str2, sep = "**"))

print(paste(str1, str2, sep = "           ", collapse = NULL))

Check Result here

2. format()

format() function is used to format Numbers and strings to a specific style.

format(vector, digits, nsmall, scientific, width, justify = c("left", "right", "centre", "none"))
  • vector : vector input.
  • digits : total number of digits displayed.
  • nsmall : minimum number of digits to be displayed at the right side of the decimal point.
  • scientific: scientific notation will be displayed if it is set to TRUE.
  • width : minimum width to be displayed by padding blanks in the beginning.
  • justify : specifies the position of the string whether it's left, right or center.

Example

x <- format(53.2, width = 7)
print(x)

str <- format("Good morning", width = 20, justify = "c")
print(str)

Check Result here

3. nchar()

This function is used to count the number of characters including spaces in the given string.

nchar(x)

Example

str <-"Hello World!"
print(nchar(str))

Check result here

4. substring()

This function is used to extract part of a string.

substring(vector,begin,end)
  • vector : vector input.
  • begin : beginning index
  • end : ending index

Example

str <-"Hello World!"
print(substring(str, 3, 5))

Check Result here

5. toupper() & tolower()

These functions are used to change the case of a string

toupper(vector-input)
tolower(vector-input)

Example

str <-"Hello World!"
cat("In upper case: ", toupper(str), "\n")
cat("In lower case: ", tolower(str), "\n")

Check Result here