Operators
Let us understand the below terms before we get into more details.
1. Operator
An operator is a symbol which has special meaning and performs an operation on single or multiple operands like addition, substraction etc. In the below example, + is the operator.
Check result here
2. Operand
An operand is what operators are applied on. In the above example x and y are the operands.
Types of Operators in C++
1. Arithmetic Operators
C++ arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on operands.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Used to perform Addition | 8+2 = 10 |
| - | Used to perform Subtraction | 12-2 = 10 |
| * | Used to perform Multiplication | 5*2 = 10 |
| / | Used to perform Division | 100/10 = 10 |
| % | Used to return Remainder | 40%10 = 0 |
| ++ | Used to perform Increment | int a=10; a++; // a becomes 11 |
| -- | Used to perform Decrement | int a=10; a--; // a becomes 9 |
Example
Check Result here
2. Relational Operators
C++ relational operators are used to compare two operands.
| Operator | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| == | Is equal to | x == y |
| != | Not equal to | !=x |
| > | Greater than | x > y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
| < | Less than | x < y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
Example
Check Result here
3. Bitwise Operators
C++ bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on operands.
| Operator | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| & | Bitwise AND | (x > y) & (y > z) |
| | | Bitwise OR | (x > y) | (y > z) |
| ^ | Bitwise XOR | (x > y) ^ (y > z) |
| ~ | Bitwise NOT | (~x) |
| << | Bitwise Left Shift | x << y |
| >> | Bitwise Right Shift | x >> y |
4. Logical operators
Below are the logical operators present in the C++.
| Operator | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| && | Logical AND | (x > y) && (y > z) |
| || | Logical OR | (x > y) || (y > z) |
| ! | Logical NOT | (!x) |
5. Assignment Operators
Below are the assignment operators present in the C++.
| Operator | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| = | Assign | int x = 10; |
| += | Add and assign | int x=10; x+=30; // x becomes 40 |
| -= | Subtract and assign | int x=40; x-=10; // x becomes 30 |
| *= | Multiply and assign | int x=10; x*=40; // x becomes 400 |
| /= | Divide and assign | int x=100; x /= 10;// x becomes 10 |
| %= | Modulus and assign | int x=100; x%=10; // x becomes 0 |
| <<= | Left shift and assign | x <<= 2 is same as x = x << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift and assign | x >>= 2 is same as x = x >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise and assign | x &= 10 is same as x = x & 10 |
| ^= | Bitwise exclusive OR and assign | x ^= 10 is same as x = x ^ 10 |
| |= | Bitwise inclusive OR and assign | x |= 10 is same as x = x | 10 |
Example
Check Result here
6. Misc Operator
- Ternary Operator
If the operator is applied on a three operands then it is called ternary. This is also known as conditional operator as a condition is followed by ? and true-expression which is followed by a : and false expression. This is oftenly used as a shortcut to replace if-else statement
Example
Check Result here
- sizeof()
This operator is used to return the size of a variable.
Check Result here
Summary
| Operator type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arithmetic Operator | + , - , * , / , % |
| comparision Operator | < , > , <= , >=, != , == |
| Bitwise Operator | & , ^ , |, ^ , ~, <<, >> |
| Logical Operator | && , ||, ! |
| Assignment Operator | = , += , -= , *= , /= , %=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |= |
| Ternary Operator | ? : |
| sizeof operator | sizeof() |