Let us understand the below terms before we get into more details.

1. Operator

An operator is a symbol which has special meaning and performs an operation on single or multiple operands like addition, substraction etc. In the below example, + is the operator.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
   int x, y, sum;
   x = 10;
   y = 20;
 
   sum = x + y;
   cout << "Sum : " << sum;
 
   return(0);
}

Check result here

2. Operand

An operand is what operators are applied on. In the above example x and y are the operands.

Types of Operators in C++

1. Arithmetic Operators

C++ arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on operands.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Used to perform Addition	8+2 = 10
-	Used to perform Subtraction	12-2 = 10
*	Used to perform Multiplication	5*2 = 10
/	Used to perform Division	100/10 = 10
%	Used to return Remainder	40%10 = 0
++	Used to perform Increment	int a=10; a++; // a becomes 11
--	Used to perform Decrement	int a=10; a--; // a becomes 9

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
   int x, y, sum, diff, product, division, mod, inc, dec;
   x = 90;
   y = 10;
 
   sum = x + y;
   cout << "Sum : " << sum << endl;
   
   diff = x - y;
   cout << "Difference : " << diff << endl;
   
   product = x * y;
   cout << "Product : " << product << endl;
   
   division = x / y;
   cout << "Division : " << division << endl;
   
   mod = x % y;
   cout << "Remainder : " << mod << endl;
   
   inc = x++;
   cout << "x value after incrementing : " << x << endl;
   
   dec = x--;
   cout << "x value after decrementing : " << x;
 
   return(0);

}

Check Result here

2. Relational Operators

C++ relational operators are used to compare two operands.

Operator	Description	Usage
==	Is equal to	x == y
!=	Not equal to	!=x
>	Greater than	x > y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<	Less than	x < y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
   int x = 90;
   int y = 10;
   
  if ( x == y) {
    cout << "x and y are equal" << endl;
  }
  
  if ( x != y) {
    cout << "x and y are not equal" << endl;
  }
  
  if ( x > y) {
    cout << "x is greater than y" << endl;
  }
  
  if ( x < y) {
    cout << "x is less than y" << endl;
  }
}

Check Result here

3. Bitwise Operators

C++ bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on operands.

Operator	Description	Usage
&	Bitwise AND	(x > y) & (y > z)
|	Bitwise OR	(x > y) | (y > z)
^	Bitwise XOR	(x > y) ^ (y > z)
~	Bitwise NOT	(~x)
<<	Bitwise Left Shift	x << y
>>	Bitwise Right Shift	x >> y

4. Logical operators

Below are the logical operators present in the C++.

Operator	Description	Usage
&&	Logical AND	(x > y) && (y > z)
||	Logical OR	(x > y) || (y > z)
!	Logical NOT	(!x)

5. Assignment Operators

Below are the assignment operators present in the C++.

Operator	Description	Usage
=	Assign	int x = 10;
+=	Add and assign	int x=10; x+=30; // x becomes 40
-=	Subtract and assign	int x=40; x-=10; // x becomes 30
*=	Multiply and assign	int x=10; x*=40; // x becomes 400
/=	Divide and assign	int x=100; x /= 10;// x becomes 10
%=	Modulus and assign	int x=100; x%=10; // x becomes 0
<<=	Left shift and assign	x <<= 2 is same as x = x << 2
>>=	Right shift and assign	x >>= 2 is same as x = x >> 2
&=	Bitwise and assign	x &= 10 is same as x = x & 10
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assign	x ^= 10 is same as x = x ^ 10
|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assign	x |= 10 is same as x = x | 10

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
 int x = 10; // assigning 10 to x 
cout << "x value: " << x << endl;
        
x+=30;
cout << "x value after += operation: " << x << endl;
        
x-=10;
cout << "x value after -= operation: " << x << endl;
        
x*=10;
cout <<"x value after *= operation: " << x << endl;
        
x/=10;
cout <<"x value after /= operation: " << x << endl;
        
x%=10;
cout <<"x value after %= operation: " << x;   
   
}

Check Result here

6. Misc Operator

• Ternary Operator

If the operator is applied on a three operands then it is called ternary. This is also known as conditional operator as a condition is followed by ? and true-expression which is followed by a : and false expression. This is oftenly used as a shortcut to replace if-else statement

Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    int x = 10;
    int y = 90;

    int z = x > y ? x : y;

    cout << "Larger Number is: " << z;
}

Check Result here

• sizeof()

This operator is used to return the size of a variable.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
  
 int x = 90;
 int y = sizeof(x);

 cout <<"Size of x is: " <<  y;
}

Check Result here

Summary

Operator type	Description
Arithmetic Operator	+ , - , * , / , %
comparision Operator	< , > , <= , >=, != , ==
Bitwise Operator	& , ^ , |, ^ , ~, <<, >>
Logical Operator	&& , ||, !
Assignment Operator	= , += , -= , *= , /= , %=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |=
Ternary Operator	? :
sizeof operator	sizeof()