Operators

Let us understand the below terms before we get into more details.

1. Operator

An operator is a symbol which has special meaning and performs an operation on single or multiple operands like addition, substraction etc. In the below example, + is the operator.

x = 1
y = 2
print (x+y)

2. Operand

An operand is what operators are applied on. In the above example x and y are the operands.

Python provides the below operator groups:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Python arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on operands.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Used to perform Addition	8+2 = 10
-	Used to perform Subtraction	12-2 = 10
*	Used to perform Multiplication	5*2 = 10
/	Used to perform Division	100/10 = 10
%	Used to perform Remainder	40%10 = 0
**	Used to perform Exponentiation	10 ** 2
//	Used to perform Floor division	9 // 4

2. Comparison Operators

Python comparison operators are used to compare two operands.

Operator	Description	Usage
==	Is equal to	x == y
!=	Not equal to	!=x
>	Greater than	x > y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y
<	Less than	x < y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y

3. Bitwise Operators

Python bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on operands.

Operator	Description	Usage
&	Bitwise AND	(x > y) & (y > z)
|	Bitwise OR	(x > y) | (y > z)
^	Bitwise XOR	(x > y) ^ (y > z)
~	Bitwise NOT	(~x)
<<	Bitwise Left Shift	x << y
>>	Bitwise Right Shift	x >> y

4. Logical Operators

Below are the logical operators present in Python.

Operator	Description	Usage
&&	Logical AND	(x > y) && (y > z)
||	Logical OR	(x > y) || (y > z)
!	Logical NOT	(!x)

5. Assignment Operators

Below are the assignment operators present in Python.

Operator	Description	Usage
=	Assign	x = 10;
+=	Add and assign	x=10; x+=30; #x becomes 40
-=	Subtract and assign	x=40; x-=10; #x becomes 30
*=	Multiply and assign	x=10; x*=40; #x becomes 400
/=	Divide and assign	x=100; x /= 10; #x becomes 10
%=	Modulus and assign	x=100; x%=10; #x becomes 0
**=	exponential calculation and assign	x **= y is equivalent to x = x**y
//=	floor division and assign	x //= y is equivalent = x= x // y

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is present in a given object.

Operator	Description	Usage
in	Returns True if a sequence is present in the object	x in y
not in	Returns True if a sequence is not present in the object	x not in y

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects whether they same objects with the same memory location.

Operator	Description	Usage
is	Returns true if both variables are actually same objects	x is y
is not	Returns true if both variables are not the same objects	x is not y

Summary

Type	Operators
Arithmetic Operators	+ - * / % ** //
Comparision Operators	== != > >= < <=
Bitwise Operators	& ^ | ^ ~ << >>
Logical Operators	&& || !
Assignment Operators	= += -= *= /= %= **= //=
Membership Operators	in, not in
Identity Operators	is, is not